Abstract
Construction of a coseismic displacement grid model (hereafter referred to as the grid model) is a critical strategy for maintaining the precision of the semi-kinematic reference frame. However, no unequivocal criteria have yet been suggested for the timing of grid model construction. To clarify this timing, the observations of continuous global navigation satellite system in Taiwan were evaluated using coordinate time series analysis from 2003 to 2018 and a horizontal precision of approximately 14 mm was proposed as the threshold to construct a grid model. Next, two strategies were proposed to evaluate the timing on the basis of earthquake information. For Strategy I, the possible maximum surface displacement was derived using the forward dislocation model based on the hypocenter, moment magnitude and focal mechanism solution provided by the Real-Time Moment Tensor Monitoring System. For Strategy II, a required minimum magnitude (RMM) checking grid was constructed using the hypocenter and local magnitude data from the Central Weather Bureau, Taiwan. If the forwarded maximum surface displacement from Strategy I is larger than the threshold of 14 mm or the local magnitude of an earthquake is larger than the RMM from Strategy II, it represents the timing for the grid model construction. On the basis of the validation results for 20 selected earthquakes, both two strategies were proposed to be implemented simultaneously for timing evaluation to avoid overlooking detectable events.
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Data availability
GNSS daily solutions, their residual time series and the RMM checking grid in Strategy II generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Earthquake information from the Real-time Moment tensor monitoring system (RMT) are available in the following link: http://rmt.earth.sinica.edu.tw/. Earthquake information from CWB earthquake Rapid Report (CWBRR) are available in the following link: https://www.cwb.gov.tw/V8/E/E/index.html. Other data generated during this study are included in this published article.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Central Weather Bureau, Ministry of Interior, National Land Surveying and Mapping Center, Central Geological Survey, and Institute of Earth Science, Academia Sinica for continuous GNSS data. All figures were generated using the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT), developed by Wessel and Smith (1991). We also thank for the comments and suggestions from Editor-in-Chief and two reviewers. This manuscript was edited by Wallace Academic Editing. This research was supported by the NLSC-105-38, NLSC-106-22, NLSC-107-40, NLSC-108-42, and 107-2221-E-305-008-MY3.
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Both S-HH and K-EC initiated the study, forming the conceptual ideas and modeling tests. K-HC conducted the collection, processing and analysis of data. C-KL helped in result verification. S-HH, K-EC, K-HC and C-KL were involved in paper writing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Hsiao, SH., Ching, KE., Chen, KH. et al. Timing of coseismic displacement grid model construction for updating the semi-kinematic reference frame: case study in Taiwan. J Geod 95, 25 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-021-01477-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-021-01477-w