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Multi-layer multi-track molten pool flow and grain morphology evolution of Inconel 718 manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

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Abstract

The selective orientation of grains during laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) leads to anisotropy in mechanical properties. The current understanding of the evolution between the different morphologies of the grains is still limited. The present work is aimed at revealing the grain evolution process through the development of a coupled discrete elemental method-computational fluid dynamics-metacellular automata model. The results show that most of the grains observed through characterization experiments are irregularly shaped columnar grains and exhibit anisotropy in mechanical property tests. The grains observed in the simulations can be generalized into four types: V-shaped grain, slanted grain, vertical grain, and equiaxial grain. During the overlapping of interlayer and intertrack, some of the slanted grains are retained and others grow into V-shaped grains. In addition, some of the V-shaped grains coarsen during remelting and resolidification and subsume the slanted grains in the direction in which they grow, eventually developing into coarse vertical grain. Therefore, an appropriate increase in hatch distance is beneficial to reduce anisotropy. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of grain transformation during remelting and resolidification and guides the design of specific microstructures.

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Funding

This project is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. ZR2023ME201).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China

    Haitao Lu, Xiaofeng Hu, Jiajing Pan, Zhou An & Yu Gu

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  1. Haitao Lu
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  2. Xiaofeng Hu
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  4. Zhou An
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Haitao Lu, Jiajing Pan, and Xiaofeng Hu. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Haitao Lu, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jiajing Pan.

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Lu, H., Hu, X., Pan, J. et al. Multi-layer multi-track molten pool flow and grain morphology evolution of Inconel 718 manufactured by laser powder bed fusion. Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13750-1

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