Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of high-pressure hot airflow on interlayer adhesion strength of 3D printed parts

  • Original Article
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A novel gas–assisted FDM 3D printing method is proposed in this study. High-pressure hot airflow is injected into a special designed 3D printing nozzle to form a thin gas film between molten polymer and nozzle wall, so the die swell effect of polymer is eliminated. The high-pressure hot airflow heats and pressurizes the printed part surface, which improves the inter-layer adhesion strength. To form a stable thin gas film, the gas temperature, gas flow, and gas pressure are studied. The results show that under conditions of 210 °C, 1.75 L/min, and 0.4 MPa, a stable gas film is formed between the inner wall of gas-assisted nozzle and molten polymer. The inter-layer adhesion strength of the printed parts is enhanced more than 50%, and the lowest dimensional shrinkage is only 0.13%. The developed gas-assisted 3D printing nozzle improves the performance of parts and provides new possible applications in biomedical, automotive, aerospace, and functional device printing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Not applicable.

Code availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. Cailleaux S, Sanchez-Ballester NM, Gueche YA, Bataille B, Soulairol L (2021) Fused deposition modeling (FDM), the new asset for the production of tailored medicines. J Control Release 330:821–841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Thomas DJ, MohdAzmi MAB, Tehrani Z (2014) 3D additive manufacture of oral and maxillofacial surgical models for preoperative planning. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 71:1643–1654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5587-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Prada JG, Cazon A, Carda J, Aseguinolaza A (2016) Direct digital manufacturing of an accelerator pedal for a formula student racing car. Rapid Prototyp J 22:311–321. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-05-2014-0065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ilardo R, Williams CB (2010) Design and manufacture of a formula SAE intake system using fused deposition modeling and fiber-reinforced composite materials. Rapid Prototyp J 16:174–179. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552541011034834

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhang YJ, Moon SK (2021) The effect of annealing on additive manufactured ULTEM (TM) 9085 Mechanical Properties. Materials 14(11):2907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14112907

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Choe CM, Sok SH, Ri WS, Yang WC, Kim UH (2021) Manufacture of plaster core mold for large oxygen plant components using fused deposition modeling (FDM). Int Metalcast 15(4):1275–1281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-020-00549-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Upcraft S, Fletcher R (2003) The rapid prototyping technologies. Assem Autom 23(4):318–330. https://doi.org/10.1108/01445150310698634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Wong KV, Hernandez A (2012) A review of additive manufacturing. ISRN Mech Eng 2012:208760. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/208760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. de Gennes PG (1971) Reptation of a polymer chain in the presence of fixed obstacles. J Chem Phys 55:572–579. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1675789

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Wool RP, Yuan BL, McGarel OJ (1989) Welding of polymer interfaces. Polym Eng Sci 29(19):1340–1367. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291906

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sun Q, Rizvi GM, Bellehumeur CT, Gu P (2008) Effect of processing conditions on the bonding quality of FDM polymer filaments. Rapid Prototyp 14(2):72–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552540810862028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ayrilmis N, Kariz M, Kwon JH, Kuzman MK (2019) Effect of printing layer thickness on water absorption and mechanical properties of 3D-printed wood/PLA composite materials. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 102:2195–2200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03299-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Alafaghani A, Qattawi A, Alrawi B, Guzman A (2017) Experimental optimization of fused deposition modelling processing parameters: a design-for-manufacturing approach. Procedia Manuf 10:791–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.07.079

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lanzotti A, Grasso M, Staiano G, Martorelli M (2015) The impact of process parameters on mechanical properties of parts fabricated in PLA with an open-source 3-D printer. Rapid Prototyp 21(5):604–617. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-09-2014-0135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Rodríguez JF, Thomas JP, Renaud JE (2003) Mechanical behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene fused deposition materials modelling. Rapid Prototyp J 9(4):219–230. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552540310489604

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Rankouhi B, Javadpour S, Delfanian F, Letcher T (2016) Failure analysis and mechanical characterization of 3D printed ABS with respect to layer thickness and orientation. J Fail Anal Prev 16:467–481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-016-0113-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Carneiro OS, Silva AF, Gomes R (2015) Fused deposition modeling with polypropylene. Mater Des 83:768–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.053

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Gomez-Gras G, Jerez-Mesa R, Travieso-Rodriguez JA, Lluma-Fuentes J (2018) Fatigue performance of fused filament fabrication PLA specimens. Mater Des 140:278–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.11.072

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Tsouknidas A, Pantazopoulos M, Katsoulis L, Fasnakis D, Maropoulos S, Michailidis N (2016) Impact absorption capacity of 3D-printed components fabricated by fused deposition modeling. Mater Des 102:41–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Chacón JM, Caminero MA, García-Plaza E, Núñez PJ (2017) Additive manufacturing of PLA structures using fused deposition modeling: effect of process parameters on mechanical properties and their optimal selection. Mater Des 124:143–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.03.065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Khosravani MR, Reinicke T (2020) Effects of raster layup and printing speed on strength of 3D-printed structural components. Procedia Struct Integr 28:720–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2020.10.083

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. O’Connor HJ, Dowling DP (2018) Evaluation of the influence of low pressure additive manufacturing processing conditions on printed polymer parts. Addit Manuf 21:404–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.04.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Lederle F, Meyer F, Brunotte G-P, Kaldun C, Hübner EG (2016) Improved mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts by fused deposition modeling processed under the exclusion of oxygen. Prog Addit Manuf 1:3–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-016-0010-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Torres J, Cotelo J, Karl J, Gordon AP (2015) Mechanical property optimization of FDM PLA in shear with multiple objectives. Miner Metals Mater Soc 67(5):1183–1193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1367-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Perego G, Cella GD, Bastioli C (1996) Effect of molecular weight and crystallinity on poly(lactic acid) mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 59:37–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960103)59:1%3c37::AID-APP6%3e3.0.CO;2-N

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Lee C-Y, Liu C-Y (2019) The influence of forced-air cooling on a 3D printed PLA part manufactured by fused filament fabrication. Addit Manuf 25:196–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.11.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Geng P, Zhao J, Wu WZ, Wang YL, Wang BF, Wang SB, Li GW (2018) Effect of thermal processing and heat treatment condition on 3D printing PPS properties. Ploymers 10(8):875. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10080875

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Kantaros A, Karalekas D (2013) Fiber Bragg grating based investigation of residual strains in ABS parts fabricated by fused deposition modeling process. Mater Des 50:44–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.02.067

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 52063021) and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai (No.20DZ2255900). Grant Recipient: Jianhua Xiao.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China

    Huangxiang Xu & Jianhua Xiao

  2. School of Aeronautical Manufacturing Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330000, China

    Huangxiang Xu, Jianhua Xiao & Xiaobo Liu

  3. School of Materials Science Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330000, China

    Xiaojie Zhang

  4. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China

    Yanfeng Gao

Authors
  1. Huangxiang Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jianhua Xiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiaojie Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xiaobo Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yanfeng Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Huangxiang Xu: investigation; data curation; writing—original draft preparation; writing-reviewing and editing. Jianhua Xiao: funding acquisition; visualization; methodology; formal analysis. Xiaojie Zhang: conceptualization; funding acquisition. Xiaobo Liu: investigation; validation. Yanfeng Gao: writing–reviewing and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jianhua Xiao.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

The material has not been published in whole or in part elsewhere. The paper is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere.

Consent to participate

All authors have been personally and actively involved in substantive work leading to the report, and will hold themselves jointly and individually responsible for its content.

Consent for publication

All the authors agreed to publish the manuscript as a journal article.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xu, H., Xiao, J., Zhang, X. et al. Effect of high-pressure hot airflow on interlayer adhesion strength of 3D printed parts. Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10713-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10713-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation