Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of transverse magnetic field on arc characteristics and droplet transfer during laser-MIG hybrid welding of Ti-6Al-4 V

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, the effect of the transverse magnetic field on the arc characteristics and droplet transfer behavior is investigated during Laser-MIG hybrid welding of Ti-6Al-4 V. Especially, transverse magnetic fields with 0 mT, 8 mT, 16 mT, 24 mT, and 32 mT are studied. Results indicate that an appropriate magnetic field can increase the stability of arc characteristics, improve the droplet detachment efficiency, and reduce the welding defects such as incomplete fusion and undercut. By applying 24-mT transverse magnetic field, the maximum arc area can decrease by 48.7% with its variance changing from 2.81 to 1.06 mm2, indicating that an appropriate transverse magnetic field can shrink the arc and improve its stability. The reason of arc shrinkage is that the electric streamline in the arc rotates away from the laser side to the droplet side due to the influence of external magnetic field. On the other hand, the droplet transfer process becomes more uniform under the appropriate magnetic field. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to the change of Lorentz force direction during droplet rotation, which resultantly increases effective detachment energy. This phenomenon leads to the reduction of the contact time between droplet and molten pool. The droplet transfer form changes from short-circuit transfer to meso-spray transfer under 24-mT magnetic field because of the reduction of the contact time. Therefore, the incomplete fusion and undercut disappears. At last, the appropriated magnetic field parameters during the laser-MIG parameters (2 kW, 160 A, 2 m/min) are concluded as B = 24 mT.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Gurrappa I (2003) Characterization of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V for chemical, marine and industrial applications. Mater Charact 51:131–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2003.10.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Traverso P, Canepa E (2014) A review of studies on corrosion of metals and alloys in deep-sea environment. Ocean Eng 87:10–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.05.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Gao Z, Jiang P, Wang C, Shao X, Pang S, Zhou Q, Li X, Wang Y (2016) Study on droplet transfer and weld quality in laser-MIG hybrid welding of 316L stainless steel. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 88:483–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-8774-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. B. Chang, Z. Yuan, H. Pu, H. Li, H. Cheng, D. Du, J. Shan (2017) “A comparative study on the laser welding of Ti6Al4V alloy sheets in flat and horizontal positions,” Applied Sciences 7: https://doi.org/10.3390/app7040376.

  5. Caiazzo F, Cardaropoli F, Alfieri V, Sergi V, Argenio P, Barbieri G (2017) Disk-laser welding of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plates in T-joint configuration. Procedia Engineering 183:219–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. X. Su, W. Tao, Y. Chen, and J. Fu (2018) “Microstructure and tensile property of the joint of laser-MIG hybrid welded thick-section TC4 alloy,” Metals 8: https://doi.org/10.3390/met8121002.

  7. Sun Y, Luo G, Zhang J, Wu C, Li J, Shen Q, Zhang L (2018) Phase transition, microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy prepared by plasma activated sintering. J Alloy Compd 741:918–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Liwei W, Yingchao S, Zhimin L, Dianlong W, Jun X, Dejun Y (2019) Numerical simulation and experiments on the behavior and mechanism of laser-assisted droplet transfer. Opt Lasers Eng 122:303–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2019.06.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Liu S, Zhang F, Dong S, Zhang H, Liu F (2018) Characteristics analysis of droplet transfer in laser-MAG hybrid welding process. Int J Heat Mass Transf 121:805–811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.01.047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Liu LM, Yuan ST, Li CB (2013) Effect of relative location of laser beam and TIG arc in different hybrid welding modes. Sci Technol Weld Joining 17:441–446. https://doi.org/10.1179/1362171812y.0000000033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang W, Hua X, Liao W, Li F, Wang M (2014) Behavior of the plasma characteristic and droplet transfer in CO2 laser–GMAW-P hybrid welding. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 72:935–942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-5731-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Wang J, Wang C, Meng X, Hu X, Yu Y, Yu S (2011) Interaction between laser-induced plasma/vapor and arc plasma during fiber laser-MIG hybrid welding. J Mech Sci Technol 25:1529–1533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-011-0410-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Chen YB, Feng JC, Li LQ, Li Y, Chang S (2013) Effects of welding positions on droplet transfer in CO2 laser–MAG hybrid welding. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 68:1351–1359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4926-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. G. Tang, H. Chen, X. Yang, and L. Shen (2018) “Effects of different welding process on the electronic temperature of plasma and weld shape during laser-MIG hybrid welding of A7N01P-T4 aluminum alloy,” Journal of Laser Applications 30: https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5004434.

  15. Chen J, Chen Q, Wu C (2020) Study of high-speed pulsed gas metal arc welding assisted by external magnetic-field. Sci Technol Weld Joining 25:564–570. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2020.1774994

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Z. Zhengwu, M. Xiuquan, W. Chunming, and M. Gaoyang (2020) “Grain refinement and orientation alternation of 10 mm 316L welds prepared by magnetic field assisted narrow gap laser-MIG hybrid welding,” Materials Characterization 164: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110311.

  17. Chen R, Wang C, Jiang P, Shao X, Zhao Z, Gao Z, Yue C (2016) Effect of axial magnetic field in the laser beam welding of stainless steel to aluminum alloy. Mater Des 109:146–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. V. Avilov, A. Fritzsche, M. Bachmann, A. Gumenyuk, and M. Rethmeier (2016) “Full penetration laser beam welding of thick duplex steel plates with electromagnetic weld pool support,” Journal of Laser Applications 28: https://doi.org/10.2351/1.4944103

  19. Z. Q. Guan, H. X. Zhang, X. G. Liu, A. Babkin, and Y. L. Chang (2019) “Effect of magnetic field frequency on the shape of GMAW welding arc and weld microstructure properties,” Materials Research Express 6: https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab2572

  20. Chang YL, Liu XL, Lu L, Babkin AS, Lee BY, Gao F (2013) Impacts of external longitudinal magnetic field on arc plasma and droplet during short-circuit GMAW. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 70:1543–1553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5403-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Sun Q, Wang J, Cai C, Li Q, Feng J (2015) Optimization of magnetic arc oscillation system by using double magnetic pole to TIG narrow gap welding. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 86:761–767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-8214-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang J, Sun Q, Feng J, Wang S, Zhao H (2016) Characteristics of welding and arc pressure in TIG narrow gap welding using novel magnetic arc oscillation. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 90:413–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-9407-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang X, Zhao Z, Mi G, Wang C, Li R, Hu X (2017) Effect of external longitudinal magnetic field on arc plasma characteristics and droplet transfer during laser-MIG hybrid welding. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 92:2185–2195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0293-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Zhu, X. Ma, C. Wang, and G. Mi, “Modification of droplet morphology and arc oscillation by magnetic field in laser-MIG hybrid welding,”(2020) Optics and Lasers in Engineering 131: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106138.

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would also like to thank the anonymous referees for their valuable comments.

Funding

This research has been supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant Nos. 51861165202 and 51721092.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People’s Republic of China

    Chen Yue, Annan Yin & Dehua Huang

Authors
  1. Chen Yue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Annan Yin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dehua Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chen Yue.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate.

Not applicable.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yue, C., Yin, A. & Huang, D. Effect of transverse magnetic field on arc characteristics and droplet transfer during laser-MIG hybrid welding of Ti-6Al-4 V. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 118, 2481–2495 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-08089-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-08089-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation