Abstract
Small-scale aspheric optical elements have an urgent market demand and a wide range of applications. With the development of science and technology and the increasing requirements on product quality, the polishing technology of small size aspheric optical elements is becoming much more important in the field of ultra-precision machining. This paper first gave a brief introduction of the commonly used material for small size aspherical optical lenses and molds. Then, the applicable polishing technologies and their development status were introduced in detail, which included the computer controlled optical surface (CCOS), abrasive jet polishing (AJP), magnetorheological finishing (MF), ion beam polishing (IBP), bonnet polishing (BP), chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), shear-thickening polishing (STP), laser polishing (LP), and several kinds of compound polishing technologies. Finally, the development of polishing technology for small size aspheric optical components was summarized and prospected.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data sets supporting the results of this article are included within the article and its additional files.
References
Pang CT, Luo SB (2010) Advanced aspheric surface machining technology. Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology 37:1–5
Hinn M, Alex P (2013) Efficient grinding and polishing processes for asphere manufacturing. In Proc. The International Society for Optical Engineering. 8840I 1-7 (SPIE: Rochester, NY, USA, 2013).
Yin SH, Zhu KJ, Yu JW, Zhu YJ, Chen FJ (2012) Micro aspheric glass lens molding process. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 48:182–192
Lan XR, 2019) Studies on precision injection molding technology of imaging optical plastic lens. (Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China.
Gong F, Li KS, Yan C (2018) Progress on precision glass molding. Opt Precis Eng 26:1380–1391
Li C, Li XL, Huang SQ, Li LQ, Zhang FH (2021) Ultra-precision grinding of Gd3Ga5O12 crystals with graphene oxide coolant: material deformation mechanism and performance evaluation. J Manuf Process 61:417–427
Wu YG, (2019) Research on precision molding technology of optical lens. (Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China).
Rupp V (1965) The development of optical surfaces during the grinding process. Appl Opt 6:743–748
Aspden R, McDonough R, Nitchie F Jr (1972) Computer assisted optical surfacing. Appl Opt 11:2739–2747
Edwards D, Hed P (1987) Optical glass fabrication technology 1: fine grinding mechanism using bound diamond abrasives. Appl Opt 26:4670–4676
Hed P, Edwards D (1987) Optical glass fabrication technology 2: relationship between subsurface damage depth and surface roughness during grinding of optical glass with diamond tool. Appl Opt 26:4677–4680
Gilini D, Czajkowski W (1992) Microgrinding makes ultrasmooth optics fast. Laser Focus World 7:146–150
Geyl R, (1992) High-power optics at REOSC. In Proc. the International Society for Optical Engineering. 410-417 (SPIE: San Diego, CA, USA).
Aronno R, Bajuk D, Clucas L (1995) Aspheres research for the stars and grow in down-to-earth application. Photonics Spectra 29:100
Jones R (1976) Optimization of computer controlled polishing. Appl Opt 16:218–224
Tang W (2016) Research on removal model and technology for ion beam figuring large aspherical mirror. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Xue DL, Zhang ZY, Zhang XJ (2005) Computer controlled polishing technology for middle or small aspheric lens. Opt Precis Eng 13:198–204
Liu DM, Zheng S, Fu XH, Jia ZH (2013) Research on processing technology of high precision minor-caliber aspheric surface. Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology (Nature Science Edition) 36:24–27
Li Q (2014) Study on stability improvement and path optimization in numerical control small tool polishing for optical component. National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
Dong ZC, Cheng HB (2015) Toward the complete practicability for the linear-equation dwell time model in sub-aperture polishing. Appl Opt 54:8884–8890
Qu XT, Wang HY, Fan C, Wu WZ, Liu XL (2015) Uniform-overlap-rate path for aspheric polishing. J Xi'an Jiaotong Univ 49:126–131
Bi CL, (2019) Trajectory planning of optics surface polishing based on small tool head. (Jilin University, Jilin, China).
Tam HY, Cheng HB, Dong ZC (2013) Peano-like paths for subaperture polishing of optical aspherical surfaces. Appl Opt 52:3624–3636
Fähnle O, Brug H, Frankena H (1998) Fluid jet polishing of optical surfaces. Appl Opt 37:6771–6773
Li ZZ, (2011) Study on abrasive jet polishing technology. (National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China).
Hashish M (1984) A modeling study of metal cutting with abrasive waterjets. J Eng Mater Technol 106:88–100
Evans G, Gulden M, Rosenblatt M (1978) Impact damage in brittle materials in the elastic-plastic response regime. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A Mathematical and Physical Sciences 361:343–365
Tsegaw A, Shiou FJ, Lin SP (2015) Ultra-precision polishing of N-Bk7 using an innovative self-propelled abrasive fluid multi-jet polishing tool. Mach Sci Technol 19:262–285
Wang ZY, (2019) Study on shape optimization and application of abrasive fluid jet polishing removal function. (China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing, China).
Zhang F, Zhang XJ, Yu JC, Wang QD, Guo PJ (2000) Foundation of mathematics model of magnetorheological finishing. Optical Technique 26:190–192
Xie C, Li SY, Peng XQ, Song C (2009) Research on polishing precision of machine tool impacting on polishing process. Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology 45:9–12
Hu H, Dai YF, Peng XQ (2006) Design and research of the inverted device for magnetorheological finishing. Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology 42:5–8
Dai YF, You WW, Peng XQ (2005) Research on a magnetorheological fluid rheological property testing system. Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology 41:17–19, 62
You WW, Peng XQ, Dai YF (2004) MR fluids for finishing use. Opt Precis Eng 12:330–334
Song C, Dai YF, Peng XQ, Shi F (2010) Post processing for magnetorheological finishing of optical mirrors. Opt Precis Eng 18:1715–1721
Dai YF, Shi F, Peng XQ, Song C (2010) Deterministic figuring in optical machining by magnetorheological finishing. Acta Opt Sin 30:198–205
Peng XQ, Dai YF, Li SY, You WW (2004) Dwell time algorithm for MRF of axis-symmetrical aspherical parts. Journal of National University of Defense Technology 26:89–92
Shi F, Dai YF, Dai YF, Song C (2009) Three-dimensional material removal model of magnetorheological finishing (MRF). China Mechanical Engineering 20:644–648
Sun XW, Zhang FH, Dong S, Kang GW (2006) Research on remove model and algorithm of resident time for magnetorheological finishing. New Technology & New Process 2:73–75
Yang ZQ, Gup ZD, Zhang MS, Liu WG, Hang LX (2007) Study on influence of magnetic field intensity on surface roughness in magnetorheological finishing. Journal of Xi’an Technological University 27:511–514
Yin SH, Xu ZQ, Chen FJ, Yu JW (2013) Inclined axis magnetorheological finishing technology for small aspherical surface. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 49:33–38
Yin SH, Gong S, He BW, Chen FJ, Yin ZQ, Cao CG (2018) Development on synergistic process and machine tools integrated inclined axis grinding and magnetorheological polishing for small aspheric surface. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 54:205–211
Yin SH, Chen FJ, Gong S, Yu JW, Yin ZQ, Guan CL, Cao CG, Cao XH (2016) Research and application of ultra-precision CNC composite machine tools for small aperture aspheric glass lens model. World Manufacturing Engineering & Market 4:24–29
Liu SW, Wang HX, Zhang QH, Hou J, Zhong B, Chen XH (2020) Regionalized modeling approach of tool influence function in magnetorheological finishing process for aspherical optics. Optik. 206:164368
Liu JB, Li XY, Zhang YF, Tian D, Ye MH, Wang C (2020) Predicting the material removal rate (MRR) in surface magnetorheological finishing (MRF) based on the synergistic effect of pressure and shear stress. Appl Surf Sci 504:144492
Yang H, Zhao G, Liu XY, Ye ZH, Jia Y, He JG, Huang W (2020) Curvature effect of magnetorheological finishing. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 57:172202
Allen L, Keim K, Lewis T, Ullom J (1991) Surface error correction of a Keck 10m telescope primary mirror segment by ion figuring. Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing II 1531:195–204
Wang YG, Dai C, Li WQ, Meng XH, Dong HW, Wang P, (2016) Polishing an off-axis aspheric mirror by ion beam figuring. In AOMATT: Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies. 9683 (SPIE: Suzhou, China, 2016).
Dai YF, Liao WL, Chen SY, Zhou L, Xie XH (2010) Theoretical analysis and experimental study of material removal characteristics in ion beam figuring process. In AOMATT: Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies. 7655 (SPIE: Dalian, China, 2010).
Shu Y, Zhou L, Xie XH, Liao WL, Li SY (2012) Impact of oblique incidence in ion beam figuring on surface roughness. Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 10:365–368
Liao WL, Dai YF, Zhou L, Wang JM, Yuan Z, Xie XH (2011) Ion beam figuring for rectangular off-axis aspheric mirrors. Journal of National University of Defense Technology 33:100–104
Lunin S, Sinel’nikov B, Sysoev I (2018) Features of ion-beam polishing of the surface of sapphire. Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques 12:898–901
Li XJ, Wang DS, Wang G, Zhang X, Zhang N, Pei N, Nie FM, Qi ZC (2020) Edge effect suppression of ion beam figuring process on optical component surface. Surface Technology 49:349–355
Bingham R, Walker D, Kim D-H, Brooks D, Freeman R, Riley D, (2000). Novel automated process for aspheric surfaces. In Proc. 2010 SPIE Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Systems Engineering. 445-450 (SPIE: San Diego, CA, USA).
Wang C (2019) Theoretical study on quantification of bonnet polishing residue height adapted to free surface curvature. Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
Walker D, Beaucamp A, Bingham R, Brooks D, Freeman R, Kim S, King A, McCavana G, Morton R, Riley D, Simms J, (2002) Precessions process for efficient production of aspheric optics for large telescopes and their instrumentation. In Proc. 2003 SPIE Specialized Optical Developments in Astronomy. 73-84 (SPIE: Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA).
Walker D, Beaucamp A, Dunn C, Freeman R, Morton R, Wei S, Yu G (2008) Active control of edges and global microstructure on segmented mirrors. In Proc. Advanced Optical and Mechanical Technologies in Telescopes and Instrumentation. 701812-701819 (SPIE: Marseille, France, 2008).
Walker D, Beaucamp A, Brooks D, Doubrovski V, Cassie M, Dunn C, Freeman R, King A, Libert M, McCavana G, Morton R, Riley D, Simms J (2004) New results from the Precessions polishing process scaled to larger sizes. In Proc. SPIE Optical Fabrication, Metrology, and Material Advancements for Telescopes. 71-80 (SPIE: Glasgow, UK, 2004).
Gao B, Yao YX, Xie DG, Yuan ZJ (2006) Motion modeling and simulation of bonnet polishing precession mechanism. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 42:101–104
Song JF, Yao YX, Xie DG, Gao B (2007) Experimental research on polishing spot of bonnet polishing. Appl Mech Mater 10-12:385–389
Yu S (2007) Z, Yao Y X, Gao B. Xie D G Development of CNC system for polishing machine with bonnet tool Study on Machine Tools Design 2:17–20
Wang YF, Yao YX, Yu SZ (2006) The algorithm for bonnet tool polishing of rotary symmetrical aspheric surface. Modern Manufacturing Engineering 8:9–11, 14
Li HY, Zhang W, Yu GY (2009) Removing characteristics of ultra-precision bonnet polishing on spatial optics elements. Acta Opt Sin 29:811–817
Zhang L, Li YB, Jin MS, Piao ZY, Ji SM (2014) Abrasive field analysis of mould free surface polishing for a new gasbag polishing method. China Mechanical Engineering 25:832–835
Chen GD, Ji SM, Jin MS, Zhang C (2012) Layering shaping mould gasbag polishing trajectory planning method for equal residual figure error. Acta Armamentar II 33:724–729
Ji SM, Jin MS, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhang YD, Yuan JL (2007) Novel gasbag polishing technique for free-form mold. Chinese J Mech Eng 43:2–6
Wang CJ, Wang ZZ, Wang QJ, Ke XL, Zhong B, Guo YB, Xu Q (2017) Improved semirigid bonnet tool for high-efficiency polishing on large aspheric optics. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 88:1607–1617
Wang CJ, Wang ZZ, Yang X, Sun ZJ, Peng YF, Guo YB, Xu Q (2014) Modeling of the static tool influence function of bonnet polishing based on FEA. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 74:341–349
Wang CJ, Wang ZZ, Pan R, Xie YH, Guo YB (2014) Research on the residual error evaluation method for deterministic polishing of aspheric optics. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 50:169–175
Wang CJ, Guo YB, Wang ZZ, Pan R, Xie YH (2013) Dynamic removal function modeling of bonnet tool polishing on optics elements. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 49:19–25
Pan R, Wang ZZ, Wang CJ, Zhang DX, Xie YH, Guo YB (2013) Control techniques of bonnet polishing for free-form optical lenses with precession. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 49:186–193
Pan R, Wang ZZ, Guo YB, Wang CJ, Zhang DX (2012) Movement modeling and control of precession mechanism for bonnet tool polishing large axisymmetrical aspheric lenses. J Mech Eng 48:183–190
Wang F, Zhang J, Peng LR, Wang GW, Sui YX (2015) Motion-precision control in bonnet-polishing. Opt Precis Eng 23:2220–2228
Ni Y, Li JQ, Wang Y, Huang QT, Yu JC (2008) An efficient method of computer controlled polishing for small aspheric lens. Opt Tech 34:33–35, 40
Cho CH, Park SS, Ahn Y (2001) Three-dimensional wafer scale hydrodynamic modeling for chemical mechanical polishing. Thin Solid Films 389:254–260
Zhang CH, Luo JB, Wen SZ (2004) Analysis on flow properties of chemical mechanical polishing process. Lubr Eng 4:31–33
Zhang CH, Luo JB (2005) Micro-polar effects of flow features of slurries in chemical mechanical polishing process. Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University 29:74–77
Zhang CH, Luo JB, Wen SZ (2005) Effects of nano-scale particles in chemical mechanical polishing process. Acta Phys Sin 54:2123–2127
Bai LS, Wang JP, Chu XF (2017) Mechanism and optimization of chemical-mechanically polishing ceramic glass substrate with CeO2 slurry. Diamond & Abrasives Eng 37:1–5, 10
Ou LW, Wang YH, Hu HQ, Zhang LL, Dong ZG, Kang RK, Guo DM, Shi K (2019) Photochemically combined mechanical polishing of N-type gallium nitride wafer in high efficiency. Precis Eng 55:14–21
Meng FN, Zhang ZY, Gao PL, Meng XD, Liu J (2019) Research progress of chemical mechanical polishing slurry. Surface Tech 48:1–10, 23
Zhou Y, Pan GS, Gong H, Shi XL, Zou CL (2017) Characterization of sapphire chemical mechanical polishing performances using silica with different sizes and their removal mechanisms. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 513:153–159
Shi XL, Pan GS, Zhou Y, Gu ZH, Gong H, Zou CL (2014) Characterization of colloidal silica abrasives with different sizes and their chemical–mechanical polishing performance on 4H-SiC (0001). Appl Surf Sci 307:414–427
Xu WH, Lu XC, Pan GS, Lei YZ, Luo JB (2011) Effects of the ultrasonic flexural vibration on the interaction between the abrasive particles; pad and sapphire substrate during chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Appl Surf Sci 257:2905–2911
Jindal A, Hegde S, Babu S (2002) Chemical mechanical polishing using mixed abrasive slurries. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 5:48–50
Chen Y, Long RW (2011) Polishing behavior of PS/CeO2 hybrid microspheres with controlled shell thickness on silicon dioxide CMP. Appl Surf Sci 257:8679–8685
Zhao XB, Long RW, Chen Y, Chen ZG (2010) Synthesis, characterization of CeO2@SiO2 nanoparticles and their oxide CMP behavior. Microelectron Eng 87:1716–1720
Lee H, Jeong H (2015) Analysis of removal mechanism on oxide CMP using mixed abrasive slurry. Int J Precis Eng Manuf 16:603–607
Lee H, Lee D, Kim M, Jeong H (2017) Effect of mixing ratio of non-spherical particles in colloidal silica slurry on oxide CMP. Int J Precis Eng Manuf 18:1333–1338
Crawford N, Kim R, Williams K, Boldridge D, Liberatore M (2012) Shear thickening of chemical mechanical polishing slurries under high shear. Rheol Acta 51:637–647
Hoffman R (1974) Discontinuous and dilatant viscosity in concentrated suspensions. J Colloid Interface Sci 46:491–506
Hoffman R (1972) Discontinuous and dilatant viscosity behavior in concentrated suspensions I. observation of a flow instability. Transactions of the Society of Rheology 16:155–173
Li M (2015) Fundamental research on shear-thickening polishing method. Hunan University, Changsha, China
Li M, Lyu BH, Yuan JL, Dong CC, Dai WT (2016) Material removal mathematics model of shear thickening polishing. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 52:142–151
Li M, Lyu BH, Yuan JL, Dong CC, Dai WT (2015) Shear-thickening polishing method. Int J Mach Tool Manu 94:88–99
Chen SH, Lyu BH, He QK, Yang YB, Shao Q, Song ZL, Yuan JL (2019) Simulation and experimental study on material removal function of shear thickening polishing cylindrical surface. Surface Technology 48:355–362
Lyu BH, Dong CC, Yuan JL, Sun L (2017) Experimental study on shear thickening polishing method for curved surface. International Journal of Nanomanufacturing 13:81–95
Weng HZ, Lyu BH, Hu GX, Shao Q, Dai WT (2017) Optimization experiments for shear thickening polishing of quartz substrates. Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 15:227–233
Mi Q, Qin L, Li H, Guo ZD (2019) Optimization technology of liquid float polishing. Optical Technique 45:251–256
Chen T, Wang CH, Wu J, Liu SB, Zuo TC (2009) The current research situation of laser polishing technology. New Technology & New Process 9:70–73
Xiao YM, Bass M (1983) Thermal stress limitations to laser fire polishing of glasses. Appl Opt 22:2933–2936
Murahara M., (2000) Photo-chemical polishing of fused silica optics by using ArF excimer laser. In Proc. 2001 SPIE Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 547-552 (SPIE: Boulder, CO, US. 2000).
Li XG, Han J, Xie H, Zhu PF, (2014) Research on ultrafast laser polishing monocrystalline-silicon. In Proc. The International Conference on Photonics and Optical Engineering and the Annual West China Photonics Conference. 944926 (icPOE: Xi’an, China, 2014).
Xie X (2007) Study on mechanism of polishing sapphire with short-wavelength laser. Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
Song YQ, 2007) Study on process of polishing sapphire with ultraviolet laser. (Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
Ramos J, Bourell D, Beaman J (2002) Surface over-melt during laser polishing of indirect-SLS metal parts. MRS Online Proceedings Library 758:191–199
Taylor L, Qiao J, Qiao J, (2015) Femtosecond laser polishing of optical materials. In Proc. SPIE Optifab. 9633 (SPIE: Rochester, NY, US, 2015).
Lyu KX, Han XS (2021) Research on numerical simulation of ultrafast laser polishing brittle optical materials. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 58:053201
Heidrich S, Willenborg E, Richmann A (2011) Development of a laser based process chain for manufacturing freeform optics. Phys Procedia 12:519–528
Heidrich S, Richmann A, Schmitz P, Willenborg E, Wissenbach K, Loosen P, Poprawe R (2014) Optics manufacturing by laser radiation. Opt Lasers Eng 59:34–40
Weingarten C, Schmickler A, Willenborg E, Wissenbach K, Poprawe R (2017) Laser polishing and laser shape correction of optical glass. Journal of Laser Applications 29:011702
Yu XB, 2014) Research on key technologies of figure correction of ultrasonic-magnetorheological compound finishing. (Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
Lin YY, 2010) Research on figure error correction technique in ultrasonic-magnetorheological compound finishing. (Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
Wang HJ, Zhang FH, Zhao H (2007) Effect of several processing parameters on material removal ratio in ultrasonic-magnetorheological compound finishing. Opt Precis Eng 15:1583–1588
Chen YC, 2007) Design of ultrasonic-magnetorheological compound finishing device and research of technology. (Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
Wang HJ, 2007) Research on the key technologies of ultrasonic-magnetorheological compound finishing. (Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
Kordonski W, Shorey A, Sekeres A, (2003) New magnetically assisted finishing method: material removal with magnetorheological fluid jet. In Proc. SPIE Optical Science and Technology. 107-114 (SPIE: San Diego, CA, USA, 2003).
Dai YF, Zhang XC, Li SY, Peng XQ (2009) Deterministic magnetorheological jet polishing technology. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 45:171–176
Zhang XC, Dai YF, Li SY, Peng XQ (2007) Study on magnetorheological jet polishing technology. Machinery Design & Manufacture 12:114–116
Wang T, Cheng HB, Zhang WG, Yang H, Wu WT (2016) Restraint of path effect on optical surface in magnetorheological jet polishing. Appl Opt 55:935–942
Wang T, Cheng HB, Yang H, Wu WT, Tam HY (2015) Controlling mid-spatial frequency errors in magnetorheological jet polishing with a simple vertical model. Appl Opt 54:6433–6440
Wang T, Cheng HB, Tam HY (2014) Mathematic models and material removal characteristics of multi-gesture jetting using magnetorheological fluid. Appl Opt 53:7804–7813
Wang T, Cheng HB, Chen Y, Tam HY (2014) Multiplex path for magnetorheological jet polishing with vertical impinging. Appl Opt 53:2012–2019
Li PY, Cheung MF, Tong H, Cheng HB, Yam Y (2014) Design and implementation of a technique for iterative magnetorheological jet polishing. International Journal of Optomechatronics 8:195–205
Kim WB, Nam E, Min BK, Choi DS, Je TJ, Jeon EC (2015) Material removal of glass by magnetorheological fluid jet. Int J Precis Eng Manuf 14:629–637
Jain V, Ranjan P, Suri V, Komanduri R (2010) Chemo-mechanical magneto-rheological finishing (CMMRF) of silicon for microelectronics applications. CIRP Ann 59:323–328
Ghai V, Ranjan P, Batish A, Singh H (2018) Atomic-level finishing of aluminum alloy by chemo-mechanical magneto-rheological finishing (CMMRF) for optical applications. J Manuf Process 32:635–643
Yin SH, Wang YQ, Li YP, Kang RK, Chen FJ, Hu T (2016) Experimental study on magnetorheological chemical polishing for sapphire substrate. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 52:80–87
Yang ZQ, Li H, Guo ZD (2019) Study on magnetorheological chemico-mechanical polishing technique for sapphire. Journal of Xi’an Technological University 39:266–272
Xu XF, Guo Q, Huang YS, Hu JD, Peng W (2011) Chemical mechanical polishing using magnetic composite abrasives slurry and experimental study on polishing performance. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 47:186–192
Lu Y, Tani Y, Kawata K (2002) Proposal of new polishing technology without using a polishing pad. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 51:255–258
Dai WT, 2016) Study on high efficiency acoustic assisted shear thickening polishing method. (Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
Weng HZ, 2017) Basic study on high efficiency electrolysis compounded shear thickening polishing method. (Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
Xu WH, Lu XC, Pan GS, Lei YZ, Luo JB (2010) Ultrasonic flexural vibration assisted chemical mechanical polishing for sapphire substrate. Appl Surf Sci 256:3936–3940
Zhong M, Yuan RJ, Li XB, Chen JF, Xu WH (2018) Effects of abrasive particles and pads’ characteristics on ultrasonic assisted chemical mechanical polishing for sapphire. China Surface Engineering 31:125–132
Zhang L, Hou H, Han YJ, Wang X (2019) Ultrasonic and electrorheological integrated polishing process. Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science) 40:356–359
Hou H (2018) Research on ultrasonic electrorheological effect compound polishing. Jilin University, Jilin, China
Li J (2017) Investigation into ultra-precision machining induced subsurface damage in nanocrystalline materials. Hunan University, Changsha, China
Li XT, (2014) Study on friction mechanism and test in micro scale forming. (Huazhong University of Science &Technology, Wuhan, China).
Funding
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52075463 & 51805459) and Technology Plan Project of Fujian Province (No. 2017H0036).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Yunfeng Peng and Bingyi Shen mainly contributed in the ideal and paper writing. Zhenzhong Wang, Ping Yang, Wei Yang, and Guo Bi contributed the reference materials collecting and partly paper writing. Guo Bi contributed the preparation of illustrations.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
We would like to submit the manuscript entitled “Review on polishing technology of small-scale aspheric optics” for your consideration for publication in the International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript, and the manuscript is approved by all authors for publication. On behalf of the co-authors, we declare that the work described was original review work that has not been published previously, and not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Peng, Y., Shen, B., Wang, Z. et al. Review on polishing technology of small-scale aspheric optics. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 115, 965–987 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07202-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07202-3