Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Development of the 90WC-8Ni-2Cr3C2 cemented carbide for engineering applications

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of 90WC-8Ni 2Cr3C2 cemented carbide, developed by powder metallurgy, were investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy, XRD, and hardness tester. The results showed that the addition of 2 wt% Cr3C2 in the WC-Ni alloy system, using conventional adding method, was not favorable to densification. The porosity was characterized by the presence relatively large elongated pores distributed in the microstructure. As a result, there were not significant improvement of the hardness and flexural strength of the WC-8Ni-2 Cr3C2 cemented carbide in comparison with WC-10Ni cemented carbides without Cr3C2 addition, obtained from the literature. Fracture toughness results showed that the cemented carbide WC-8Ni-2Cr3C2 presented higher fracture toughness than that of WC-Co, WC-Co-2Cr3C2, and WC-Ni alloys from literature, which may be mainly attributed to the effectiveness of Cr3C2 to inhibit the excessive grain growth of the WC particles, producing a more refined and tough microstructure. Thus, despite the porosity, the mechanical properties values obtained of the developed 90WC-8Ni-2Cr3C2 cemented carbide are adequate for several engineering applications, where is required a good balance between hardness, wear resistance, and toughness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kai-hua S, Ke-chao Z, Zhi-you L, Xiu-qi Z, Shang-zhi X, Zhao-yu M (2013) Effecting of adding method of Cr on microstructure and properties of WC-9Ni-2Cr cemented carbides. Int J Refract Met Hard Mater 38:1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Phuong DD, Trinh PV, Duong LV, Chung LD (2016) Influence of sintering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-8Ni cemented carbide produced by vacuum sintering. Ceram Int 42:14937–14943

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Marques BJ, Fernandes CM, Senos AMR (2013) Sintering, microstructure and properties of WC-AISI304 powder composites. Int J Refract Met Hard Mater 562:164–170

    Google Scholar 

  4. Liu J, Ma X, Tang H, Zhao W, Zhao Z (2016) Preparation, microstructure and mechanical properties of bulk (W0.5Al0.5) C0.65 without binder phase by reactive hot-pressing. J. Alloy Compd 679:149–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Fernandes CM, Senos AMR, Vieira MT, Antunes JM (2008) Mechanical characterization of composites prepared from WC powders coated with Ni rich binders. Int J Refract Met Hard Mater 26:491–498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Gill SS, Singh J, Singh H, Singh R (2012) Metallurgical and mechanical characteristics of cryogenically treated tungsten carbide (WC-Co), Int. J Adv Manuf Technol 58:119–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Mao C, Ren Y, Gan H, Zhang M, Zhang J, Tang K (2015) Microstructure and mechanical properties of CBN-WC-Co composites used for cutting tools. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 76:2043–2049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ding X, Cheng XD, Li C, Yu X, Ding ZX, Yaun CQ (2018) Microstructure and performance of multi-dimensional WC-CoCr coating sprayed by HVOF. Int J Manuf Technol 96:1625–1633

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Li X, Liu Y, Wei W, Du M, Li K, Zhou J, Fu K (2016) Influence of NbC and VC on microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-Co functionally graded cemented carbides. Mater Design 90:562–567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Genga RM, Cornish LA, Akdogan G (2013) Effect of Mo2C additions on the properties of SPS manufactured WC-TiC-Ni cemented carbides. Inter J. Refract Met Hard Mater 41: 12–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Balbino NAN, Correa EO, Valeriano LC, Amancio DA (2017) Microstructure and mechanical properties of 90WC-8Ni-2Mo2C cemented carbide developed by conventional powder metallurgy. Inter J Refract Met Hard Mater 68:49–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Wittmann B, Schubert WD, Lux B (2002) WC grain growth and grain growth inhibition in nickel and iron binder hardmetals. Int J Refract Met Hard Mater 20(1):51–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Correa EO, Santos JN, Klein AN (2010) Microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-Ni-Si based cemented carbides developed by powder metallurgy. Int J. Refract Met Hard Mater 28:572–575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Correa EO, Santos JN, Klein AN (2011) Microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-Ni-Al based cemented carbides developed for engineering applications. Int J Mat Research 102:1369–1373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Siwak P, Garbiec D, Rogalewicz M (2017) The effect of Cr3C2 and TaC additives on microstructure, hardness and fracture toughness of WC-6Co tool material fabricated by spark plasma sintering. Mater Res 20:780–785

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zackrisson J, Jansson B, Uphadyaya GS, Andrén HO (1998) WC-Co based cemented carbides with large Cr3C2 additions. Int J Refrac Met Hard Mater 16:417–422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Siwak P, Garbiec D (2016) Microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-Co, WC-Co-Cr3C2 and WC-Co-TaC cermets fabricated by spark plasma sintering. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 26:2641–2646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Banerjee D, Lal GK, Upadhyaya GS (1995) Effect of binder-phase modification and Cr3C2 addition on properties of WC-10Co cemented carbide. J Mater Engineering Performance 4:563–572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Minutolo FC, Caraviello A (2014) Wear behavior of WC-Co carbides with addition of Cr3C2 and Ni. Key Eng Mater 611-612:444–451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ojo-kupuluyi OJ, Tahir SM, Azimah Hanim MA, Baharudin BTHT, Matori KA, Anuar MS (2017) Role of carbon addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cemented tungsten carbide and steel bilayer. Int Adv Manuf Technol 92:3363–3371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Chicot D, Pertuz A, Roudet F, Staia MH, Lesage J (2004) New developments for fracture toughness determination by Vickers indentation. Mater Sci Technol 20:877–884

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Cooper R, Manktelow SA, Wong F, Collins LE (1988) The sintering characteristics and properties of hard metal with Ni-Cr binders. Mater Sci Eng A 105:269–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Poetschke J, Richter V, Holke R (2012) Influence and effectivity of VC and Cr3C2 grain growth inhibitors on sintering of binderless tungsten carbide. Int J Refract M Hard Mater 31:218–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Zhixing G, Ji X, Mei Y, Xiangyu S, Cijin J (2008) Effect of Mo2C on the microstructure and properties of WC-TiC-Ni cemented carbide. Inter J Refract Met Hard Mater 26:601–605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Shatov AV, Ponomarev SS, Firstov SA (2008) Fracture of WC-Ni cemented carbides with different shape of WC crystals. Int J Refr Metals Hard Mater 26:68–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Schatt W, (1985) Powder metallurgy, sintered and composite materials, (Pulvermetallurgie. Sinter-und Verbundwerstaffe), 2. ed., VEB Deutscher Verlag fuer Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig (in German)

  27. Exner HE, Gurland J (1970) The effect of small plastic deformations on the strength and hardness of a WC-Co alloy. J Mater 5:75–85

    Google Scholar 

  28. Scieszka SF (2001) Wear transition as a means of fracture toughness evaluation of hardmetals. Tribol Lett 11:185–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Brazilian agencies FAPEMIG, CAPES, and CNPq by the financial support to this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av. BPS, 1303, Pinheirinho, PO Box 50, Itajubá, Minas Gerais, 37500-903, Brazil

    Nádia Alves Nery Balbino, Edmilson Otoni Correa & Lívio de Carvalho Valeriano

Authors
  1. Nádia Alves Nery Balbino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Edmilson Otoni Correa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lívio de Carvalho Valeriano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nádia Alves Nery Balbino.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Balbino, N.A.N., Correa, E.O. & de Carvalho Valeriano, L. Development of the 90WC-8Ni-2Cr3C2 cemented carbide for engineering applications. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 99, 1653–1660 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2511-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2511-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation