Abstract
Wild birds are exposed to insecticides in a variety of ways, at different dose levels and via multiple routes, including ingestion of contaminated food items, and dermal, inhalation, preening, and embryonic exposure. Most poisoning by insecticides occurs as a result of misuse or accidental exposure, but intentional killing of unwanted animals also occurs. In this study, we investigated insecticides in the gastric contents of dead wild birds that were suspected to have died from insecticide poisoning based on necropsy. The wild birds were found dead in various regions and locations such as in mountains, and agricultural and urban areas. A total of 182 dead wild birds of 27 species were analyzed in this study, and insecticide residue levels were determined in 60.4 % of the total samples analyzed. Monocrotophos and phosphamidon were the most common insecticides identified at rates of 50.0 % and 30.7 % of the insecticide-positive samples, respectively. Other insecticides identified in dead wild birds included organophosphorous, organochlorine and carbamate insecticides. However, there was limited evidence to conclusively establish the cause of death related to insecticides in this study. Nevertheless, considering the level of insecticide exposure, it is speculated that the exposure was mainly a result of accidental or intentional killing, and not from environmental residue.
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Acknowledgments
We thank the staff of the Avian Disease Division at the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA). This research was supported by a grant from the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of the Republic of Korea.
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Kim, S., Park, MY., Kim, HJ. et al. Analysis of Insecticides in Dead Wild Birds in Korea from 2010 to 2013. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 96, 25–30 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1688-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1688-0