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Study on the Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Wheat Seedlings Under [C4mim][OAc] (1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate) with Cd2+ Stress

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Abstract

In this paper, the joint effect of 0.5 mmol·L−1 Cd2+ and various concentrations (50–400 mg·L−1) of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate ([C4min][OAc]) on the growth and photosynthetic performance of wheat seedlings in hydroponic culture was investigated. Seedlings grown in presence of Cd2+ and [C4min][OAc] showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in growth (shoot and root lengths and dry weights) and photosynthetic performance (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll a but not chlorophyll b) compared to seedlings grown in the presence of Cd2+ but without [C4min][OAc]. However, this only happened under the lower range of [C4min][OAc] concentrations (50–200 mg·L−1). In addition, significant reduction in the level of Cd2+ was also observed in the leaf tissue of wheat seedlings grown in the presence of 0.5 mmol·L−1 Cd2+ and 100 mg·L−1 [C4min][OAc]. Overall, Cd2+ exerted a stronger inhibition than [C4min][OAc] on the growth and photosynthetic performance of wheat seedlings. However, when both Cd2+ and [C4min][OAc] were present in the culture, the toxicity of Cd2+ could be mitigated by lower concentrations of [C4mim][OAc]. This phenomenon could be due to [C4mim][OAc] forming metal complexes with Cd2+, thus reducing the toxicity of Cd2+.

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Acknowledgments

This project was supported by NSFC (21173107), Education Bureau Science and Technology of Liaoning Province (LS2010068, 201102078), People’s Republic of China. We thank Dr Alan K Chang for his valuable contribution in revising the language of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 10036, People’s Republic of China

    Zhonglin Chen, Yingying Feng, Yan Wang, Yue Li, Qiang Liu, Sunan Xu & Wei Guan

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  1. Zhonglin Chen
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  2. Yingying Feng
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  3. Yan Wang
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  4. Yue Li
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  5. Qiang Liu
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  6. Sunan Xu
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  7. Wei Guan
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Correspondence to Wei Guan.

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Chen, Z., Feng, Y., Wang, Y. et al. Study on the Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Wheat Seedlings Under [C4mim][OAc] (1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate) with Cd2+ Stress. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 94, 627–632 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1519-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1519-3

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