Abstract
Sediments collected in 2004 from along the Detroit River (n = 19) and across all of Lake Erie (n = 18) were analyzed for isomers of the flame retardant chemical, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sediment samples had ΣHBCD concentrations ranging from not detected to 1.6 ng/g d.w. γ-HBCD (56 %–100 % of ΣHBCDs) was the predominate isomer, observed in 7 of 19 samples from the Detroit River and 6 of 18 samples from Lake Erie (all within the western basin). α-HBCD was found in 4 Detroit River and 2 Lake Erie western basin sites, while β-HBCD was only in two Detroit River samples. High ΣHBCD concentrations (>100 ng/g d.w.) were found in two sludge samples from two Windsor, ON, wastewater treatment plants that feed into the Detroit River upstream. HBCD contamination into the Detroit River is a major input vector into Lake Erie and with an apparent sediment dilution effect moving towards the eastern basin.
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Acknowledgments
We thank all individuals and organizations in the US and Canada for the cooperative sampling of Lake Erie sediments at nearshore and offshore stations as part of the Lake Erie Collaborative Comprehensive Survey (ECCS), including those people at Environment Canada, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and the USGS. The present study was supported by the Canada Research Chairs Program (R. J. Letcher and G. D. Haffner).
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Letcher, R.J., Lu, Z., Chu, S. et al. Hexabromocyclododecane Flame Retardant Isomers in Sediments from Detroit River and Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 95, 31–36 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1491-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1491-y