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Association between ADHD symptoms and illicit stimulants use following 1 year among French university students of the i-Share cohort

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Abstract

Purpose

Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with illicit stimulants use, less is known about their prospective association in university students. We aimed to examine the association between ADHD symptoms at inclusion and illicit stimulants use following 1 year among university students.

Methods

The i-Share cohort recruited French students from February 2013 to July 2020. The study included 4270 participants. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) was used to evaluate ADHD symptoms at inclusion. Illicit stimulants use was assessed at inclusion and 1 year after inclusion. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to assess the association between ADHD symptoms at inclusion and illicit stimulants use following 1 year.

Results

High levels of ADHD symptoms at inclusion were associated with a greater probability of illicit stimulants use following 1 year (adjusted OR: 2.42 (1.51–3.8)). The adjusted odds ratio was 2.7 (1.08–7.84) among participants who had used illicit stimulant at least once (continuation) and 2.25 (1.04–4.37) among participants who had never used illicit stimulants at inclusion (initiation). Conclusion: High levels of ADHD symptoms are a feature that may promote both initiation and continuation of illicit stimulants use among university students. Our findings suggest that university students with high levels of ADHD symptoms may benefit from screening to help identify those at risk of illicit stimulants use.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the authors. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under the restrictions of French law for numeric data. Data are available from the authors considering the legal limitations.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the participants for their commitment to this project. The authors are grateful to the i-Share staff for their assistance in data collection and the administration of the project.

Funding

The preparation and initiation of the i-Share project was funded by the program ‘Invest for future’ (reference ANR-10-COHO-05). The i-Share project is currently supported by an unrestricted grant from the Nouvelle-Aquitaine Regional Council (Conseil Régional Nouvelle-Aquitaine) (grant N° 4370420) and by the Bordeaux ‘Initiatives d’excellence’ (IdEx) program of the University of Bordeaux (ANR-10-IDEX-03–02). It has also received grants from the Nouvelle-Aquitaine Regional Health Agency (Agence Régionale de Santé Nouvelle-Aquitaine), Public Health France (Santé publique France), the National Cancer Institute (Insitut national du cancer), and the Medical Research Foundation (Fondation pour la recherche). The funding bodies were involved neither in the study design nor in the collection, analysis or interpretation of the data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Dr Jean Eric Techer Hospital, Calais, France

    François A. M. Jean

  2. University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

    François A. M. Jean, Flore Moulin, Ashlyn N. Schwartz, Laura Castel, Ilaria Montagni, Mélissa Macalli, Sylvana M. Côté & Cédric Galéra

  3. Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France

    François A. M. Jean, Flore Moulin, Ashlyn N. Schwartz, Laura Castel, Ilaria Montagni, Mélissa Macalli, Sylvana M. Côté & Cédric Galéra

  4. Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA

    Ashlyn N. Schwartz

  5. University of Lille, Lille, France

    Charles-Edouard Notredame

  6. PSY Lab, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Centre, INSERM U1172, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Lille, France

    Charles-Edouard Notredame

  7. Teaching Hospital of Lille (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille-CHU de Lille), Lille, France

    Charles-Edouard Notredame

  8. University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada

    Sylvana M. Côté

  9. Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France

    Cédric Galéra

  10. Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de L’enfant et de L’adolescent, Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, 146Bis, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France

    Cédric Galéra

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  1. François A. M. Jean
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Contributions

IM and MM were involved in data collection. FAMJ, CG, LC were involved in data analysis. FAMJ and CG interpreted the data. FAMJ, FM, and CG wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors contributed substantially to its revision. All authors have approved and contributed to the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Cédric Galéra.

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Jean, F.A.M., Moulin, F., Schwartz, A.N. et al. Association between ADHD symptoms and illicit stimulants use following 1 year among French university students of the i-Share cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 59, 887–897 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-023-02499-9

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