Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genesis of the Hebaoshan gold deposit in Fujian Province of Southeast China: constraints from a combined fluid inclusion, H-O-C-S-Pb-He-Ar isotope and geochronological study

  • Article
  • Published:
Mineralium Deposita Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The large Hebaoshan gold deposit (41.5 t Au, average grade: 3.5 g/t) is located in a hitherto poorly documented gold province in the northeastern part of the South China Block. It is hosted by Precambrian metasedimentary rocks that experienced Triassic greenschist- to amphibolite-facies metamorphism. Three hydrothermal stages can be distinguished: quartz + sericite + pyrite + pyrrhotite (stage I), quartz + magnetite + sulfide (stage II), and quartz + carbonate + pyrite + hematite (stage III). Auriferous pyrite samples yielded a Rb-Sr isochron age of 234 ± 3 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.24), and ore-related hydrothermal sericite yielded a 40Ar-39Ar plateau age of 226.4 ± 2.0 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 1.01), which are distinctly younger than ca. 430 Ma granitic rocks in the mining district and older than 170–130 Ma granites in the region, ruling out any genetic link between granite emplacement and gold mineralization. The mineralizing fluid system can be described as carbonic-aqueous with low to moderate salinity (2.2–10.1 wt% NaCl equiv.) and medium temperature of 290 to 350 °C (stage I) and 230 to 280 °C (stage II). The δ18O quartz ranges from 13.3 to 15.4 ‰, and the δD values for fluid inclusions in quartz range from − 97 to − 60 ‰. The calcite has C-isotopes ranging from − 6.1 to − 3.8 ‰ and O-isotopes from 2.8 to 13.6 ‰. H-O-C isotope data are consistent with a metamorphic fluid derived from devolatilization of Neoproterozoic basement rocks during regional metamorphism in the Late Triassic Indosinian period. The δ34S values of sulfides for stages I, II, and III are 0.1 to 7.8 ‰, − 10.6 to 5.1 ‰, and − 18.9 to − 14.1 ‰, respectively, indicating an increase in oxygen fugacity during fluid ascent which resulted in more negative sulfur isotope values of sulfides and precipitation of gold. Pyrite separates have 206Pb/204Pb ratios of 17.340 to 17.687, 207Pb/204Pb ratios of 15.539 to 15.604, and 208Pb/204Pb ratios of 37.749 to 38.094. The S-Pb isotope data suggest derivation of S and Pb from the Precambrian metasedimentary country rocks. Auriferous pyrite yielded elevated 3He/4He ratios (0.78–1.46 Ra), which suggest a mantle component as can be expected from fluids derived from a subduction setting. It is concluded that Hebaoshan is an orogenic gold deposit that formed during Triassic flat-slab subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate beneath the South China Block and thus constitutes the first Triassic deposit of this type recognized in the coastal area of Southeast China.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson MR, Rankin A, Spiro B (1992) Fluid mixing in the generation of mesothermal gold mineralization in the Transvaal Sequence, Transvaal, South Africa. Eur J Mineral 4:933–948

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakker RJ (1999) Adaptation of the Bowers and Helgeson (1983) equation of state to the H2O-CO2-CH4-N2-NaCl system. Chem Geol 154:225–236

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballentine CJ, Burgess R, Marty B (2002) Tracing fluid origin, transport and interaction in the crust. Rev Mineral Geochem 47:539–614

    Google Scholar 

  • Bao SZ (2015) Study on the ore-control geological conditions and prospecting foreground of gold ores in Fujian Province. Geol Fujian 4:289–297 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bottinga Y (1968) Calculation of fractionation factors for carbon and oxygen isotopic exchange in the system calcite-carbon dioxide-water. J Phys Chem 72:800–808

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowers TS, Helgeson HC (1983) Calculation of the thermodynamic and geochemical consequences of nonideal mixing in the system H2O-CO2-NaCl on phase relations in geologic systems; metamorphic equilibria at high pressures and temperatures. Am Mineral 68:1059–1075

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown PE, Hagemann SG (1995) MacFlincor and its application to fluids in Archaean lode-gold deposits. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:3943–3952

    Google Scholar 

  • Cai JX, Zhang KJ (2009) A new model for the Indochina and South China collision during the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic. Tectonophysics 467:35–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Cai BJ, Chen BL, Chen HX (1994) The study of the gold mineralization laws in the middle part of Chongan-Shicheng tectonic belt. Seismological Press, Beijing (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron EM, Hattori K (1987) Archean gold mineralization and oxidized hydrothermal fluids. Econ Geol 82(5):1177–1191

  • Cartigny P, Harris JW, Javoy M (1998) Eclogitic diamond formation at Jwaneng: No room for a recycled component. Science 280:1421–1424

  • Cathelineau M, Marignac C (1994) Use of fluid inclusions for a better understanding intracontinental geothermal activities. In: De Vivo B, Frezzotti ML (eds) Fluid inclusions in minerals: methods and applications. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksbug, pp 309–326

  • Cao L, Duan QF, Zhou Y (2015) Rb-Sr dating of sphalerites from the Aozigang zinc deposit in Hubei Province and its geological significance. Geol China 42:235–247 (in Chinese with English abstract)

  • Charvet J (2013) The Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the South China Block: an overview. J Asian Earth Sci 74:198–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Charvet J, Shu LS, Faure M, Choulet F, Wang B, Lu HF, Breton NL (2010) Structural development of the Lower Paleozoic belt of South China: genesis of an inttacontinental orogen. J Asian Earth Sci 39:309–330

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen GJ (2016) The metallogensis and prospecting prediction of the Hebaoshan gold ore field, Taining County, Fujian Province. Geol Fujian 35:46–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen W, Zhang W, Zhang YQ, Jin GS, Wang QL (2006) Late Cenozoic eposidic uplifting in southeastern part of the Tibetan plateau-evidence from Ar-Ar thermochronology. Acta Petrol Sin 22:867–872 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen GJ, Zhang WB, Liu JT (2015) LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and geological features of Changxing intrusion in the Hebaoshan gold deposit, Taining County, Fujian Province. Geol China 42(2):547–555 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton RN, Mayeda TK (1963) The use of bromine pentafluoride in the extraction of oxygen from oxides and silicates for isotopic analysis. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 27:43–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton RN, O’Neil JL, Meyeda TK (1972) Oxygen isotope exchange between quartz and water. J Geophys Res 77:3057–3067

    Google Scholar 

  • Clout JMF (1989) Structural and isotopic studies of the Golden Mile gold-telluride deposit, Kalgoorlie, WA. PhD Thesis, Monash University

  • Deines P, Gold DP (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 37:1709–1733

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng J, Yang L-Q, Groves DI, Liang Z, Qiu K-F, Wang Q-F (2020) An integrated mineral system model for the gold deposits of the giant Jiaodong province, Eastern China. Earth-Sci Rev 208:103274

  • Deng J, Wang QF (2016) Gold mineralization in China: metallogenic provinces, deposit types and tectonic framework. Gondwana Res 36:219–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Drummond SE, Ohmoto H (1985) Chemical evolution and mineral deposition in boiling hydrothermal systems. Econ Geol 80(1):126–147

  • Dugdale AL, Hagemann SG (2001) The Bronzewing lode-gold deposit, Western Australia: P-T-X evidence for fluid immiscibility caused by cyclic decompression in gold-bearing quartz-veins. Chem Geol 173:59–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunai TJ, Baur H (1995) Helium, neon, and argon systematics of the European subcontinental mantle: implications for its geochemical evolution. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:2767–2783

    Google Scholar 

  • Faure M, Wei L, Yang C, Lepvrier C (2016) Triassic tectonic of the southern margin of the South China block. CR Geosci 348:5–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Firth EA, Holwell DA, Oliver NHS, Mortensen JK, Rovardi MP, Boyce AJ (2015) Constraints on the development of orogenic style gold mineralisation at Mineral de Talca, Coastal Range, central Chile: evidence from a combined structural, mineralogical, S and Pb isotope and geochronological study. Miner Deposita 50:675–696

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman I (1953) Deuterium content of natural waters and other substances. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 4:89–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Frimmel HE (2018) Episodic concentration of gold to ore grade through Earth’s history. Earth-Sci Rev 180:148–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb RJ, Groves DI (2015) Orogenic gold: common or evolving fluid and metal sources through time. Lithos 233:2–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb RJ, Newberry RJ, Pickthorn WJ, Gent CA (1991) Oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur isotope studies in the Juneau gold belt, south-eastern Alaska: constraints on the origin of hydrothermal fluids. Econ Geol 86:66–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb RJ, Groves DI, Gardoll S (2001) Orogenic gold and geologic time: a global synthesis. Ore Geol Rev 18:1–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb RJ, Baker T, Dube B, Groves DI, Hart CJR, Gosselin P (2005) Distribution, character, and genesis of gold deposits in metamorphic terranes. Ecnomic Geology 100th Anniversary 407−450

  • Goldfarb R, Qiu K, Deng J, Chen Y, Yang L (2019) Orogenic gold deposits of China. SEG special publications 22:263–324

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein RH, Reynolds TJ (1994) Systematics of fluid inclusions in diagenetic minerals. Soc. Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Short course 32:1–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin NJR, Burgess R, Craw D, Teagle DAH, Ballentine CJ (2017) Nobel gases fingerprint a metasedimentary fluid source in the Macraes orogenic gold deposit, New Zealand. Mineral Deposita 52:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Graupner T, Niedermann S, Kemep U, Klemd R, Bechtel A (2006) Origin of ore fluids in the Muruntau gold system: constraints from noble gas, carbon isotope and halogen data. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70:5356–5370

    Google Scholar 

  • Groves DI (1993) The crustal continuum model for the late-Archean lode-gold deposits of the Yilgarn block, Western-Australia. Miner Deposita 28:366–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Groves DI, Goldfarb RJ, Gebre-Mariam M, Hagemann SG, Robert F (1998) Orogenic gold deposits: a proposed classification in the context of their crustal distribution and relationship to other gold deposit types. Ore Geol Rev 13:7–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Groves DI, Goldfarb RJ, Knox-Robinson CM, Ojala J, Gardoll S, Yun G, Holyland P (2000) Late-kinematic timing oforogenic gold deposits and significance for computer-based exploration techniques with emphasis on the Yilgarn block, Western Australia. Ore Geol Rev 17:1–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Groves DI, Santosh M, Deng J, Wang QF, Yang LQ, Zhang L (2019) A holistic model for the origin of orogenic gold deposits and its implications for exploration. Miner Deposita in press

  • Hagemann SG, Lüders V (2003) P-T-X conditions of hydrothermal fluids and precipitation mechanism of stibnite-gold mineralization at the Wiluna lode-gold deposits, Western Australia: conventional and infrared microthermometric constraints. Miner Deposita 38:936–952

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedenquist JW, Lowenstern JB (1994) The role of magmas in the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits. Nature 370:495–510

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodkiewicz PE, Groves DI, Davidson GJ, Weinberg RF, Hagemann SG (2009) Influence of structural setting on sulphur isotopes in Archean orogenic gold deposits, Eastern Goldfields Province, Yilgarn Western Australia. Miner Deposita 44:129–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoefs J (2009) Stable isotope geochemistry, 6th edn. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 285 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollister LS (1990) Enrichment of CO2 in fluid inclusions in quartz by remove of H2O during crystal -plastic deformation. J Struct Geol 12:895–901

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu RZ, Burnard PG, Turner G, Bi X (1998) Helium and argon isotope systematics in fluid inclusions of Machangqing copper deposit in west Yunnan Province, China. Chem Geol 146:55–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu RZ, Chen WT, Xu DR, Zhou MF (2017) Reviews and new metallogenic models of mineral deposits in South China: an introduction. J Asian Earth Sci 137:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang CP (2001) Reach on the metallogenic characteristics and forecast of gold deposits in Fujian province, China. Ph. D. dissertation, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China (in Chinese with English abstract)

  • Jia Y, Kerrich R, Goldfarb R (2003) Metamorphic origin of ore-forming fluids for orogenic gold -bearing quartz vein systems in the North American Cordillera: constraints from a reconnaissance study of δ15N, δD, and δ18O. Econ Geol 98:109–123

    Google Scholar 

  • Jia Y, Li X, Kerrich R (2001) Stable isotope (O, H, S, C, and N) systematics of quartz vein systems in the turbidite-hosted central and north deborah gold deposits of the bendigo gold field, Central Victoria, Australia: Constraints on the origin of ore-forming fluids. Econ Geol 96(4):705–721

  • Keeling CD, Bacastow RB, Carter AF, Piper SC, Whorf TP, Heimann M, Mook WG, Roeloffzen H (1989) A three-dimensional model of atomospheric CO2 transport based on observed winds: 1. Analysis of observational data. In: Peterson DH (ed) Aspects of climate variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas, Geophysical Monograph Series 55, pp 165–236

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerrich R (1989) Geochemical evidence on the source of fluids and solutes for shear zone hosted mesothermal Au deposits. In: Bursnall JT (ed) Mineralization and shear zones. Geological Association of Canada short course 6, pp 129–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerrich R, Fryer BJ, King RW, Willmore LM, van Hees E (1987) Crustal outgassing and LILE enrichment in major lithospheric structures, Archean Abitibi greenstone belt: evidence on the source reservoir from strontium and carbon isotope tracers. Contrib Mineral Petr 97:156–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein EL, Ribeiro JW, Harris C, Moura CAV, Ciret A (2008) Geology and fluid characteristics of the Mina Velha and Mandiocal orebodies and implications for the genesis of the orogenic Chega Tudo gold deposit, Gurupi Belt, Brazil. Econ Geol 103:957–980

    Google Scholar 

  • Klemd R, Oberthür T, Ouedrago A (1997) Gold-telluride mineralisation in the Birimian at Diabatou, Burkina Faso. J Afr Earth Sci 24:227–239

    Google Scholar 

  • Koppers AAP (2002) ArArCALC: software for 40Ar/39Ar age calculations. Comput Geosci 28:605–619

    Google Scholar 

  • Li J-W, Li Z-K, Zhou M-F, Chen L, Bi S-J, Deng X-D, Qiu H-N, Cohen B, Selby D, Zhao X-F (2012) The early cretaceous yangzhaiyu lode gold deposit, North China Craton: a link between craton reactivation and gold veining. Econ Geol 107(1):43–79

  • Li ZX, Li XH (2007) Formation of the 1300-km-wide intracontinental orogen and postorogenic magamatic province in Mesozoic South China: a flat-salb subduction model. Geology 35:179–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Li ZX, Li XH, Wartho JA, Clark C, Li WX, Zhang CL, Bao CM (2010) Magmatic and metamorphic events during the early Paleozoic Wuyi-Yunkai orogeny, southeastern South China: new age constraints and pressure-temperature conditions. Geol Soc Am Bull 122:772–793

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin QT (1993) On the genesis of Hebaoshan gold ores in Fujiang Province. Geol Fujian 12(4):239–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin QT, Su C (1993) Characteristics of Chongan-Shicheng structural belt in northern Fujian. Geol Fujian 1:41–47 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mamyrin BA, Tolstikhin IN (1984) Helium isotopes in nature. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao JW, Li Y, Goldfarb R, He Y, Zaw K (2003) Fluid inclusions and noble gas studies of the Dongping gold deposit, Hebei Province, China: a mantle connection for mineralization. Econ Geol 98:517–534

    Google Scholar 

  • McCuaig TC, Hronsky JMA (2014) The mineral system concept: the key to exploration targeting. Society of Exploration Geologists Special Publications 18:153–175

    Google Scholar 

  • McCuaig TC, Kerrich R (1998) P-T-t-deformation-fluid characteristics of lode gold deposits: evidence from alteration systematics. Ore Geol Rev 12:381–453

    Google Scholar 

  • Nesbitt BE, Muehlenbachs K, Murowchick JB (1989) Genetic implications of stable isotope characteristics of mesothermal Au deposits and related Sb and Hg deposits in the Canadian Cordillera. Econ Geol 84:1489–1506

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohmoto H (1972) Systematics of sulfur and carbon isotopes in hydrothermal ore deposits. Econ Geol 67:551–578

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohmoto H, Goldhaber MB (1997) Sulfur and carbon isotopes. In: Barns HL (ed) Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. Wiley, New York, pp 509–567

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohmoto H, Rye R (1979) Isotopes of sulfur and carbon. In: Barnes HL (ed) Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, pp 509–567

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Neil JR, Clayton RN, Mayeda TK (1969) Oxygen isotope fractionation in divalent metal carbonates. J Chem Phys 51:5547–5558

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozima M, Podosek FA (2002) Noble gas geochemistry. 286 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Palin J, Xu Y (2000) Gilt by association? Origins of pyretic gold ores in the victory mesothermal gold deposit, Western Australia. Econ Geol 85:1627–1634

    Google Scholar 

  • Partington GA, Williams PJ (2000) Proterozoic lode gold and (iron)-copper-gold deposits—a comparison of Australian and global examples. Rev Econ Geol 13:69–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips GN, Powell R (2010) Formation of gold deposits: a metamorphic devolatilization model. J Metamorph Geol 28:689–718

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitcairn IK, Teagle DAH, Craw D, Olivo GR, Kerrich R, Brewer TS (2006) Sources of metals and fluids in orogenic gold deposits: insights from the Otago and Alpine Schists, New Zealand. Econ Geol 101:1525–1546

    Google Scholar 

  • Polito PA, Boneb Y, Clarke JDA, Mernagh TP (2001) Compositional zoning of fluid inclusions in the Archaean Junction gold deposit, Western Australia: a process of fluid-wall-rock interaction? Aust J Earth Sci 43:833–855

    Google Scholar 

  • Rezeau H, Moritz R, Beaudoin G (2017) Formation of Archean batholith-hosted gold veins at Lac Herbin deposit, Val-d’Or district, Canada: mineralogical and fluid inclusion constraints. Miner Deposita 52:421–442

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridley JR, Diamond LW (2000) Fluid chemistry of orogenic lode gold deposits and implications for genetic models. Rev Econ Geol 13:141–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-España J, Velasco F, Boyce AJ, Fallick AE (2003) Source and evolution of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids in the northern Iberian pyrite belt massive sulphide deposits (SW Spain): Evidence from fluid inclusions and stable isotopes. Mineral Deposita 38:519–537

    Google Scholar 

  • Shu LS, Wang B, Cawood PA, Santosh M, Xu ZQ (2015) Early Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic intraplate tectonic and magmatic events in the Cathaysia Block. South China. Tectonics 34:1600–1621. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015TC003835

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song M, Shu L, Santosh M, Li J (2015) Late Early Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic intracontinental orogeny in the South China Craton: geochronological and geochemical evidence. Lithos 232:360–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiger RH, Jager E (1977) Subcommission on geochronology: Convention on use of decay constants in geochronology and cosmochronology. Earth Planet Sc Lett 36:359–362

  • Stuart FM, Burnard PG, Taylor RP, Turner G (1995) Resolving mantle and crustal contributions to ancient hydrothermal fluids: He-Ar isotopes in fluid inclusions from Dae Hwa W-Mo mineralisation, South Korea. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:4663–4673

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun XM, Yu SG, Ye CH (1993) Main geological features of gold deposits in the Taiyangshan ductile shear zone, northern Fujian. Geol Prospec 10:22–26 (in Chinese with English abstract)

  • Sun XM, Zhang Y, Xiong D, Sun W, Shi GY, Zhai W, Wang SW (2009) Crustal and mantle contributions to gold-forming process at the Daping deposit, Aliaoshan gold belt, Yunnan, China. Ore Geol Rev 36:235–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor HP (1974) The application of oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies to problems of hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition: Econ. Geol. 69:843–883

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor BE (1986) Mamgatic volatiles: isotopic variation of C, H, and S. Rev Mineral 16:185–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Todt W, Cliff RA, Hanser A, Hofmann AW (1996) Evaluation of a 202Pb-205Pb double spike for high-precision lead isotope analysis. Geophys Monograph Ser 95:429–437

    Google Scholar 

  • Valley JW (1986) Stable isotope geochemistry of metamorphic rocks. Rev Mineral Geochem 16:445–489

    Google Scholar 

  • Wan YS, Liu DY, Xu MH, Zhuang JM, Song B, Shi YR, Du LL (2007) SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry of metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks in Northwestern Fujian, Cathaysia block, China: tectonic implications and the need to redefine lithostratigraphic units. Gondwana Res 12:223–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Wan B, Hegner E, Zhang LC, Rocholl A, Chen ZG, Wu HY, Chen FK (2009) Rb-Sr geochronology of chalcopyrite form the Chehugou porphyry Mo-Cu deposit (Northeast China) and geochemical constraints on the origin of hosting granites. Econ Geol 104:351–363

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang SS (1983) Age determinations of 40Ar-40K, 40Ar-39Ar and radiogenic 40Ar released characteristics on K-Ar geostandards of China. Sci Geol Sin 4:315–323 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang YJ, Zhang AM, Fan WM, Zhang YJ, Zhang YZ (2011) Kwangsian crustal anatexis within the eastern South China Block: geochemical, zircon U-Pb geochronological and Hf isotopic fingerprints from the gneissoid granites of Wugong and Wuyi-Yunkai Domains. Lithos 127:239–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang YJ, Wu CM, Zhang AM, Fan WM, Zhang YH, Zhang YZ, Peng TP, Yin CQ (2012) Kwangsian and Indosinian reworking of the eastern South China Block: constraints on zircon U-Pb geochronology and metamorphism of amphibolites and granulites. Lithos 150:227–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang YJ, Fan WM, Zhang GW, Zhang YH (2013) Phanerozoic tectonics of the South China Block: Key observations and conroversies. Gondwana Res 23:1273–1305

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang ZL, Yang LQ, Guo LN, Marsh E, Wang JP, Liu Y, Zhang C, Li RH, Zhang L, Zheng XL, Zhao RX (2015) Fluid immiscibility and gold deposition in the Xincheng gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China: a fluid inclusion study. Ore Geol Rev 65:707–717

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang GC, Jiang YH, Liu Z, Ni CY, Qing L, Zhang Q, Zhu SQ (2016) Multiple origins for the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous high-K calcalkaline I-type granites in northwestern Fujian province, SE China and tectonic implications. Lithos 246-247:197–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao WJ, He HQ (2005) Early Mesozoic thrust tectonics of the northwest Zhejiang region (Southeast China). Geo Soc Am Bull 117:945–961

    Google Scholar 

  • Xie CM (2014) Characteristics of ore-controlling structure and ore-searching direction of the Hebaoshan gold deposit in Taining County, Fujian Province. Geol Fujian 2:87–93 (in Chinese with English abstract)

  • Xu BT, Li CJ, Chen HS (1994) Mineralization chronology and isotopic geochemistry of the Haoshi silver deposit in Zhejiang Province. Miner Depos 13:271–281 (in Chinese with English abstract)

  • Xu XB, Zhang YQ, Shu LS, Jia D (2011) LA-ICP-MS U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the sheared metamorphic rocks in the Wuyishan: constraints on the timing of Early Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic tectono-thermal events in SE China. Tectonophysics 501:71–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu YF, Ni P, Wang GG, Pan JY, Guan SJ, Chen H, Ding JY, Li L (2016) Geology, fluid inclusion and stable isotope study of the Huangshan orogenic gold deposit: implications for future exploration along the Jiangshan-Shaoxing fault zone, South China. J Geochem Explor 171:37–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang XQ, Li ZL, Yu SQ (2016) Phase equilibrium modelling, fluid inclusions and origin of charnockites in the Datian region of the northeastern Cathaysia block, South China. J Asian Earth Sci 126:14–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang JB, Zhao ZD, Hou QY, Niu YL, Mo XX, Sheng D, Wang LL (2018) Petrogenesis of Cretaceous (133-84 Ma) intermediate dykes and host granites in southeastern China: implications for lithospheric extension, continental crustal growth, and geodynamics of Palaeo-Pacific subduction. Lithos 296−299:195–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu XQ, Wu GG, Zhao XX, Zhang D, Di YJ, Qiu JT, Dai YP, Li CL (2012) New geochronological data from the Paleozoic and Mesozoic nappe structures, igneous rocks, and molybdenite in the North Wuyi area, Southeast China. Gondwana Res 22:519–533

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuan HX, Chen H, Hu RH (2017) Geological characteristics and research progress of Hebaoshan gold deposit in Fujian Province. Acta Mineral Sin Supplement:797–798 (in Chinese)

  • Zeng W, Zhang L, Zhou HW, Zhong ZQ, Xiang H, Liu R, Jin S, Lu XQ, Li CZ (2008) Caledonian reworking of Paleoproterozoic basement in the Cathaysia Block: constraints from zircon U-Pb dating, Hf isotopes and trace elements. Chinese Sci Bull 53:895–904

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang YG, Frantz JD (1987) Determination of the homogenization temperatures and densities of supercritical fluids in the system NaCl-KCl-CaCl2-H2O using synthetic fluid inclusions. Chem Geol 64:335–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Jiang YH, Wang GC, Liu Z, Ni CY, Qing L (2015) Origin or Silurian gabbros and I-type granites in central Fujian, SE China: implications for the evolution of the early Paleozoic orogen of South China. Lithos 216−217:285–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Yang LQ, Groves DI, Sun SC, Liu Y, Wang JY, Li RH, Wu SG, Gao L, Guo JL, Chen XG, Chen JH (2019) An overview of timing and structural geometry of gold, gold-antimony and antimony mineralization in the Jiangnan Orogen, southern China. Ore Geol Rev 115:103173

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao JH, Zhou MF, Yan DP, Zheng JP, Li JW (2011) Reappraisal of the ages of Neoproterozoic strata in South China: no connection with the Grenvillian orogeny. Geology 39:299–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao C, Ni P, Wang GG, Ding JY, Chen H, Zhao KD, Cai YT, Xu YF (2013) Geology, fluid inclusion, and isotope constraints on roe genesis of the Neoproterozoic Jinshan orogenic gold deposit. South China: Geofluids 13:506–527

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng Y, Zhou YZ, Wang YJ, Shen WJ, Yang ZJ, Li XY, Xiao F (2016) A fluid inclusion study of the Hetai goldfield in the Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay metallogenic belt, South China. Ore Geol Rev 73:346–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu ZY, Cook NJ, Yang T, Ciobanu CL, Zhao KD, Jiang SY (2016) Mapping of S isotopes and trace elements in sulfides by LA-(MC)-ICP-MS: potential analytical problems, improvements and implications. Minerals 6:110

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu KY, Li ZX, Xia QK, Xu XS, Wilde SA, Chen HL (2017) Revisiting Mesozoic felsic intrusions in eastern South China: spatial and temporal variations and tectonic significance. Lithos 294−295:147–163

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Mr. Zhuang Lin and Jianwen Du from the Fujian Institute of Geological Survey and Research for invaluable assistance during the fieldwork. Drs. Kui-Dong Zhao, De-Fang Wan, Zeng-Jie Zhang, Mou-Chun He, Wei Chen, Hai-Xiang Zhao, Yao-Ming Xu, Rui-Chun Duan, Jia-Xin She, and Xu Dai are also thanked for their kind help with lab work. This paper has been greatly improved by a thorough review from two anonymous reviewers, associate editor Prof. Ruizhong Hu, and editor Prof. Bernd Lehmann.

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41973044), the National 111 Project (B20045), the MOST Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (No. MSFGPMR03-2), and the Fundamental Research Funds for National Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (grant no 2201610076). Mr. Ying Ma gratefully acknowledges financial support from the China Scholarship Council (grant no. 201906410039).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Strategic Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People’s Republic of China

    Ying Ma, Shao-Yong Jiang, Lü-Yun Zhu & Suo-Fei Xiong

  2. Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany

    Ying Ma & Hartwig E. Frimmel

  3. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa

    Hartwig E. Frimmel

  4. College of Zijin Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People’s Republic of China

    Lü-Yun Zhu

  5. Fujian Institute of Geological Survey and Research, Fuzhou, 350013, People’s Republic of China

    Run-Sheng Chen & Xue-Xie Li

Authors
  1. Ying Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shao-Yong Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hartwig E. Frimmel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lü-Yun Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Suo-Fei Xiong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Run-Sheng Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Xue-Xie Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shao-Yong Jiang.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Editorial handling: R. Hu

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

ESM 1

(DOCX 1329 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ma, Y., Jiang, SY., Frimmel, H.E. et al. Genesis of the Hebaoshan gold deposit in Fujian Province of Southeast China: constraints from a combined fluid inclusion, H-O-C-S-Pb-He-Ar isotope and geochronological study. Miner Deposita 57, 13–34 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-021-01046-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-021-01046-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation