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Thallium-rich pyrite ores from the Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy:constraints for their origin and environmental concerns

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Abstract

The southern sector of the Apuan Alps (AA) massif, Tuscany, Italy, is characterized by the occurrence of a series of baryte–pyrite–iron oxide orebodies whose Tl-rich nature was recognized only recently. The geochemistry of the pyrite ore was investigated through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In addition, lead isotope data for selected pyrite ores from AA were collected. Pyrite ores are characterized by a complex geochemistry, with high concentrations of Tl (up to 1100 μg/g) coupled with high As and Sb contents; the Co/Ni ratio is always <1. Geochemical data of pyrite and marcasite ore samples from other mining districts of Tuscany have been collected in order to compare them with those from the AA. These samples usually have very low Tl content (less than 2 μg/g) and high to very high Co/Ni and As/Sb ratios. Only some samples from the Sb–Hg ore deposits showed very high Tl concentrations (up to ~3900 μg/g). Another difference is related to the lead isotope composition, with pyrite ores from AA markedly less radiogenic than those from the other deposits from Tuscany. Geochemical data of pyrite ores from AA give new insights on the genesis of the baryte–pyrite–iron oxide orebodies, relating their formation to low-temperature hydrothermal systems active during early Paleozoic; in addition, these data play a fundamental role in assessing the environmental impact of these deposits.

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Acknowledgments

This research received support by Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca through the project SIR 2014 “THALMIGEN—Thallium: Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Environmental Hazards,” granted to CB. We are grateful to Davide Franceschelli and Simone Beccari (Museo delle Miniere di Mercurio del Monte Amiata, Santa Fiora, Grosseto, Italy) for providing us with some specimens of pyrite/marcasite from the Monte Amiata Hg district. The paper benefited from the constructive criticism of the two reviewers Artur Deditius and Kalin Kouzmanov and the Editor-in-Chief Bernd Lehmann.

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  1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy

    Massimo D’Orazio, Cristian Biagioni & Simone Vezzoni

  2. Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Andrea Dini

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  1. Massimo D’Orazio
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Correspondence to Cristian Biagioni.

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D’Orazio, M., Biagioni, C., Dini, A. et al. Thallium-rich pyrite ores from the Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy:constraints for their origin and environmental concerns. Miner Deposita 52, 687–707 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-016-0697-1

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