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The impact of the indica rice SSIIa allele on the apparent high amylose starch from rice grain with downregulated japonica SBEIIb

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Catalytically active indica SSIIa allele in high amylose rice with down-regulated japonica SBEIIb can increase starch content and modify the starch structure and properties without changing its amylose content.

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes with inactive starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) with recessive variants of starch branching enzyme IIb (SBEIIb) exhibit a range of alterations in grain phenotype, starch granule morphology, starch granule bound proteins, starch structure, and functional properties. However, the interactions between the two enzymes have not been thoroughly investigated yet. We analysed recombinant rice lines having down-regulated SBEIIb expression (SBEIIbDR) with either indica or japonica type SSIIa (SSIIaind or SSIIajap). In SBEIIbDR rice starch granules, the increased abundance of two protein bands (SSI and SSIIa) was found with eight additional protein bands not generally associated with starch granules. The amount of SSIIa was higher in SSIIaindSBEIIbDR than SSIIajapSBEIIbDR, which indicated that indica type SSIIa, possibly in the monomer form, was extensively involved in starch biosynthesis in the SBEIIbDR endosperm. Furthermore, SSIIaindSBEIIbDR grains had higher total starch content and higher starch swelling power than SSIIajapSBEIIbDR lines, but the amylopectin gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy and the apparent amylose content remained similar. In summary, this work suggests that SSIIaind can partly compensate for the alteration of starch synthesis resulting from the SBEIIb down-regulation in japonica background without reducing its amylose content. The study provides insight into the starch structural and textural improvements of high amylose starch.

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All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information file.

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Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank Oscar Larroque for SEC and CE analysis and data collection; Hong Wang for amylose content and total starch content assay.

Funding

Jixun Luo was supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council and Australian National University scholarships. This work was funded by CSIRO Food Future National Research Flagship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

    Jixun Luo, Vito M. Butardo Jr., Qiang Yang, Christine Konik-Rose, Stephen A. Jobling & Zhongyi Li

  2. Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia

    Jixun Luo & Anthony Millar

  3. Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia

    Vito M. Butardo Jr.

  4. State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China

    Qiang Yang

  5. Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China

    Qiang Yang

  6. CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia

    Michelle L. Colgrave

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  1. Jixun Luo
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  2. Vito M. Butardo Jr.
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  3. Qiang Yang
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  4. Christine Konik-Rose
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  5. Michelle L. Colgrave
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  7. Stephen A. Jobling
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  8. Zhongyi Li
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Contributions

JL carried out the experiments and wrote the draft; QY finished the SDS-PAGE detection; CK did particle size and DSC analyses; MLC did mass spectrometry analysis; VMB contributed to experimental design; AM, SJ and ZL designed the experiments and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zhongyi Li.

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Communicated by Takuji Sasaki.

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Luo, J., Butardo, V.M., Yang, Q. et al. The impact of the indica rice SSIIa allele on the apparent high amylose starch from rice grain with downregulated japonica SBEIIb. Theor Appl Genet 133, 2961–2974 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03649-2

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