Zusammenfassung
Die Anzahl auf Reisen akquirierter, nach Deutschland importierter Erkrankungen hat in den letzten Jahren erheblich zugenommen. Die überwiegende Anzahl von Erkrankungen auf Reisen bilden meist milde verlaufende Durchfallerkrankungen. Während diese nach größeren Untersuchungen in der Mehrzahl schon während der Reise abklingen, stellt die Diagnostik und Therapie von reiseassoziierten Erkrankungen, die unter Umständen potenziell lebensbedrohlich sein können, wie etwa Malaria oder Typhus, in zunehmendem Maße eine ärztliche Aufgabe dar. Bei Reiserückkehrern tritt häufig als Leitsymptom der importierten Erkrankung das für die Diagnostik gelegentlich als wenig aussagefähig angesehene Symptom Fieber auf. Anamnese, Untersuchung, Differenzialdiagnose und Therapie müssen dabei an den speziellen Gegebenheiten auch von Erkrankungen ausgerichtet sein, die im Zielgebiet der Reisenden erworben werden können.
Abstract
Between 20 and 70 percent of the 50 million people who travel from the industrialized world to the developing world each year report some illness associated with their travel. Approximately 3 percent of people traveling internationally for short periods (<2 weeks) report fever even after travel. Careful assessment of the travel history, likely incubation period, exposure history, associated signs and symptoms, duration of fever, immunization status use or nonuse of antimalarial chemoprophylaxis, and degree of compliance with a chemoprophylactic regimen, if used, helps to establish the diagnosis. Determining an approximate incubation period can be particular helpful in ruling out possible causes of fever. Specific examinations targeting the individual infection, assumed to be responsible for the development of febrile disease may ascertain diagnosis and lead to effective treatment.
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Schedel, I. Fieber nach Reiserückkehr. Internist 45, 641–654 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-004-1211-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-004-1211-x