Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Alternative wood preservation method: double treatment and its effectiveness against wood decay fungi

  • Original
  • Published:
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, two single wood treatments—copper impregnation (I) with thermo-hydro treatment (T) and vice versa—were combined to determine the effectiveness against wood decay fungi. Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood and birch (Betula spp.) boards were treated accordingly, then cut into small-size specimens and exposed to brown rot (Coniophora puteana) and white rot (Trametes versicolor) fungi to determine mass loss (ML). The specimens were collected from the board ends and middle part to detect copper distribution and, consequently, decay resistance. Wood leaching according to EN 84 was performed to evaluate the double treatment efficiency in outdoor conditions (use class 3, EN 335). The durability of the board ends and middle part differed in single-impregnated wood. The higher amount of copper at the board ends tended to cause lower ML. Double-treated I/T boards showed a similar tendency. In double-treated T/I wood, a higher copper amount at the board ends provided a higher ML in this part. Obviously, the interaction between thermal and chemical treatment has affected the wood structure, copper distribution and fixation. In leached pine and birch wood, the double treatments T/I and I/T were more efficient against brown rot than single thermo-hydro treatment and impregnation procedures, ensuring the durability class (DC) 2 (CEN/TS 15083–1). Regarding white rot, there was no pronounced difference between both double treatments and single treatments as they ensured DC1.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmed SA, Hansson L, Moren T (2013a) Distribution of preservatives in thermally modified Scots pine and Norway spruce sapwood. Wood Sci Technol 47:499–513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-012-0509-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed SA, Sehlstedt-Persson M, Hansson L, Moren T (2013b) Evaluation of preservative distribution in thermally modified European aspen and birch boards using computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. J Wood Sci 59:57–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baysal E, Degirmentepe S, Toker H, Turkoglu T (2014) Some mechanical and physical properties of AD-KD 5 impregnated and thermally modified Scots pine wood. Wood Res 59(2):283–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Boonstra MJ, van Acker J, Kegel E, Stevens M (2007) Optimisation of a two-stage heat treatment process: durability aspects. Wood Sci Technol 41:31–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-006-0087-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Can A, Sivrikaya H (2017) Combined effects of copper and oil treatment on the properties of Scots pine wood. Drewno 60(199):89–103. https://doi.org/10.12841/wood.1644-3985.184.07

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CEN/TS 15083–1 (2005) Durability of wood and wood-based products. Determination of the natural durability of solid wood against wood destroying fungi, test methods. Part 1: Basidiomycetes. CEN, Brussels

  • Cooper PA (1998) Diffusion of copper in wood cell walls following vacuum treatment. Wood Fiber Sci 30(4):382–395

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craciun R, Kamdem PD (1997) XPS and FTIR applied to the study of waterborne copper naphthenate wood preservatives. Holzforschung 51(3):207–213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craciun R, Maier M, Habicht J (2009) A theoretical-industrial correlation and perspective on copper-based wood preservatives. Doc. No: IRG/WP 09–30499. The International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Stockholm

  • Daniel G, Nilsson T (1987) Comparative studies on the distribution of lignin and CCA elements in birch using electron microscopic X-ray microanalysis. Doc. No: IRG / WP /1328. The International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Stockholm

  • De Groot RC (1994) Comparison of laboratory and field methods to evaluate durability of preservative treated shakes. Wood Fiber Sci 26:306–314

    Google Scholar 

  • De Vetter L, Depraetere G, Janssen C, Stevens M, Van Acker J (2008) Methodology to assess both the efficacy and ecotoxicology of preservative-treated and modified wood. Ann For Sci 65(5):504. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2008030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DIN 52161–7 (2014) Testing of wood preservatives—detection of wood preservatives in wood— Part 7: determination of the content of copper bearing wood preservatives

  • European Standard EN 113 (1996). Wood preservatives. Test method for determining the protective effectiveness against wood destroying basidiomycetes. Determination of the toxic values. CEN, Brussels

  • European Standard EN 84 (1997) Wood preservatives Accelerated ageing of treated wood prior to biological testing. Leaching procedure. CEN, Brussels

    Google Scholar 

  • European Standard EN 335 (2013) Durability of wood and wood-based products—use classes: definitions, application to solid wood and wood-based products CEN, Brussels

  • Grinins J, Andersons B, Biziks V, Andersone I, Dobele G (2013) Analytical pyrolysis as an instrument to study the chemical transformations of hydrothermally modified wood. J Anal Appl Pyrol 103:36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2012.10.016

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grinins J, Andersons B, Irbe I, Andersone I, Meija-Feldmane A, Janberga A, Pavlovics G, Sansonetti E (2016) Thermo-hydro treated (THT) birch veneers for plywood production with improved properties. Holzforschung 70(8):739–746. https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2015-0155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill CAS (2006) Wood modification: chemical, thermal and other processes. Wiley, Chichester

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hillis WE (1984) High temperature and chemical effects on wood stability. Wood Sci Technol 18:281–293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Irbe I, Elisashvili V, Asatiani MD, Janberga A, Andersone I, Andersons B, Biziks V, Grinins J (2014) Lignocellulolytic activity of Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor in fermentation of wheat bran and decay of hydrothermally modified hardwoods. Int Biodeter Biodegr 86:71–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.06.027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Irbe I, Grinins J, Andersons B, Andersone I (2017) Durability of thermo-hydro treated (THT) birch veneers and plywood. ProLigno 13(4):115–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamdem DP, Pizzi A, Jermannaud A (2002) Durability of heat-treated wood. Holz Roh Werkst 60:1–6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khademi Bami L, Mohebby B (2011) Bioresistance of poplar wood compressed by combined hydro-thermo-mechanical wood modification (CHTM): soft rot and brown-rot. Int Biodeter Biodegr 65(6):866–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.03.011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korkut S, Mehmet A, Turker D (2008) The effects of heat treatment on some technological properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood. Bioresour Technol 99:1861–1868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.038

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lahtela V, Kärki T (2016) Effects of impregnation and heat treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood. Wood Mater Sci Eng 11(4):217–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2014.971428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu M, Zhong H, Ma E, Liu R (2018) Resistance to fungal decay of paraffin wax emulsion/copper azole compound system treated wood. Int Biodeter Biodegr 129:61–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2018.01.005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metsa-Kortelainen S (2011) Differences between sapwood and heartwood of thermally modified Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) under water and decay exposure. VTT Publications 771:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Metsa-Kortelainen S, Antikainen T, Viitaniemi P (2006) The water absorption of sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce heat-treated at 170°C, 190°C, 210°C and 230°C. Holz Roh Werkst 64:192–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-005-0063-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salman S, Pétrissans A, Thévenon MF, Dumarçay S, Perrin D, Pollier B, Gérardin P (2014) Development of new wood treatments combining boron impregnation and thermo modification: effect of additives on boron leachability. Eur J Wood Prod 72(3):355–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-014-0787-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salman S, Pétrissans A, Thévenon MF, Dumarçay S, Gérardin P (2016) Decay and termite resistance of pine blocks impregnated with different additives and subjected to heat treatment. Eur J Wood Prod 74(1):37–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-015-0972-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terziev N, Daniel G (2002) Industrial kiln drying and its effect on microstructure, impregnation and properties of Scots pine timber impregnated for above ground use. Part 2. Effect of drying on microstructure and some mechanical properties of Scots pine wood. Holzforschung 56:434–439. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2002.067

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Acker J (2003) Assessing performance potential of modified wood focussing on dimensional stability and biological durability. In: Van Acker J, Hill C. (eds) Proceedings of the First European Conference on Wood Modification, Ghent, 153–168

  • Wang W, Zhu Y, Cao J (2013) Evaluation of copper leaching in thermally modified southern yellow pine wood impregnated with ACQ-D. BioResources 8(3):4687–4701

    Google Scholar 

  • Yildiz S, Gezer ED, Yildiz UC (2006) Mechanical and chemical behaviour of spruce wood modified by heat. Build Environ 41:1762–1766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaman A, Alén R, Kotilainen R (2000) Thermal behavior of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Silver Birch (Betula pendula). Wood Fiber Sci 32:138–143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) project “Wood with improved service properties due to combination of thermal modification and impregnation” No.1.1.1.1/16/A/133. We express special thanks to MSc A. Antons and Dr. A. Verovkins from LS IWC for sample preparation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Wood Biodegradation and Protection, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Str., Riga, 1006, Latvia

    Ilze Irbe, Zanete Zommere & Nina Kurnosova

Authors
  1. Ilze Irbe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zanete Zommere
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nina Kurnosova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ilze Irbe.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Irbe, I., Zommere, Z. & Kurnosova, N. Alternative wood preservation method: double treatment and its effectiveness against wood decay fungi. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 78, 1233–1247 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-020-01582-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-020-01582-1

Search

Navigation