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Use of northern hardwoods in glued-laminated timber: a study of bondline shear strength and resistance to moisture

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Abstract

The growing demand for engineered wood products in the construction sector has resulted in the diversification of the product offer. Used marginally in structural products in North America, northern hardwoods are now attracting a growing interest from industry and policy makers because of their outstanding strength as well as their high availability and distinctive appearance. Currently, there is no standard in Canada governing the use of hardwoods in the manufacturing of glued-laminated timber. As part of a larger project aiming to assemble the basic knowledge that would lead to such standard, the specific objective of this study was to assess the shear strength in dry and wet conditions of assemblies made from different hardwood species and structural adhesives. Results suggest that a mean shear strength as high as 20.5 MPa for white oak, 18.8 MPa for white ash and respectively 18.2 MPa and 17.4 MPa for yellow birch and paper birch can be obtained in dry conditions. The choice of adhesive did not affect the dry shear strength of these specimens, but differences were observed in wet conditions. Specimens bonded with melamine-formaldehyde adhesive had generally the highest wet shear strength and wood failure values. These results also highlight the important influence of wood density on the percentage of failure that occurs in wood and, to a lesser extent, on shear strength. Further investigations on finger joint strength and full-size bending tests will allow confirming the potential for the investigated species to be used in glued-laminated timber.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for the financial support through its IRC and CRD programs (IRCPJ 461745-18 and RDCPJ 524504-18) as well as the industrial partners of the NSERC industrial chair on eco-responsible wood construction (CIRCERB).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NSERC Industrial Chair on Eco-Responsible Wood Construction, Laval University, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada

    Alexandre Morin-Bernard, Pierre Blanchet & Christian Dagenais

  2. Renewable Materials Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada

    Alexandre Morin-Bernard, Pierre Blanchet, Christian Dagenais & Alexis Achim

  3. Building Systems, FPInnovations, Quebec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada

    Christian Dagenais

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  1. Alexandre Morin-Bernard
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Correspondence to Alexandre Morin-Bernard.

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Morin-Bernard, A., Blanchet, P., Dagenais, C. et al. Use of northern hardwoods in glued-laminated timber: a study of bondline shear strength and resistance to moisture. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 78, 891–903 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-020-01572-3

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