Skip to main content
Log in

Comparison of the accuracy of two on-line industrial veneer moisture content and density measurement systems

  • Original
  • Published:
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The accuracy and precision of moisture content (MC) and specific gravity (SG) measurements were tested on two industrial on-line measurement devices using microwave technology: the Metriguard DME 2800 and the Mecano MVA. Both devices were installed in a laboratory measurement line, and to obtain accuracy and precision of measurements, in total 137 spruce veneer sheets and 51 birch veneer sheets were tested. Before measurement, the spruce veneer sheets were conditioned to four different nominal MC classes between 4 and 16 % and birch veneers to three classes between 4 and 10 %. The veneer sheets were passed through the measurement devices three times. After measurement, the MC and SG of each veneer sheet were assessed gravimetrically. Using microwave technology the MC and SG of spruce and birch veneers can be measured with good accuracy and precision. The root mean square error (RMSE) for MC measurements of the spruce veneer sheets was 0.2 % on both devices and for birch veneers it was 0.7 % for DME and 0.5 % for MVA. The RMSE for the spruce SG measurement was 0.008 for both devices and for birch veneers it was 0.013 for the DME and 0.022 for the MVA.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Antikainen T, Rohumaa A, Hughes M, Kairi M (2007) Measurement of moisture content and density in Birch (Betula pendula) Veneer using microwave technology. In: Proceedings of international symposium of Veneer and processing and products

  • Baldwin RF (1995) Plywood and veneer-based products, manufacturing practices (Wood technology books series). Miller Freeman, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentley JP (1983) Principles of measurement systems. Longman Group Limited, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bevington RP, Robinson DK (1992) Data reduction and error analysis for the physical sciences, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill Inc, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop CM (1995) Neural networks for pattern recognition. Department of computer science and applied mathematics Aston University Birmingham. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Burdurlu E, Kilic M, IIce AC, Uzunkavak O (2007) The effects of ply organization and loading direction on bending strength and modulus of elasticity in laminated veneer lumber (LVL) obtained from beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and lombardy poplar (Populus nigra L.). Construction and Building Materials 21(8):1720–1725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen AW (1990) How overdrying wood reduces its bonding to phenol-formaldehyde adhesives: a critical review of the literature. Part I physical responses. Wood Fiber Sci 22:441–459

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer M (1985) The Measurement of moisture content of veneer with radiowaves, Master thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, Radio Laboratory, pp 66

  • Fischer M, Vainikainen P, Nyfors E (1995) Design Aspects of stripline resonator sensors for industrial applications. J Microw Power Electromagn Energy 30(4):246–257

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer M, Nyfors E, Vainikainen P (1996) On the permittivity of wood and the on-line measurement of veneer sheets. In: Kraszewski A (ed) Microwave aquametry. IEEE Press, New York, pp 347–354

    Google Scholar 

  • Haykin S (1999) Neural networks, a comprehensive foundation, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Kairi M, Helminen P (1996) Strength-Grading of Veneer Sheets. US Patent 5,524,771

  • Kollmann FFP, Côté WA (1968) Principles of wood science and technology, I Solid Wood. Springer, Germany

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Marra AA (1992) Technology of wood bonding. Principles in practice. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitra A (1998) Fundamentals of quality control and improvement, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyfors E (2000) Industrial microwave sensors––a review. Subsurf Sens Technol Appl 1(1):23–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nyfors E, Vainikainen P (1989) Industrial microwave sensors. Artec House Inc., USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Okamura S (2000) Microwave technology for moisture measurement. Subsurf Sens Technol Appl 1(2):205–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahin H, Nurgül A (2004) Dielectric properties of hardwood species at microwave frequencies. J Wood Sci 50:375–380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schajer GS, Orham FB (2006) Measurement of wood grain angle, moisture content and density using microwaves. Holz Roh Werkst 64:483–490

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor JR (1997) An introduction to error analysis, the study of uncertainties in physical measurements, 2nd edn. University science books, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Vainikainen PV, Nyfors EG, Fischer MT (1987) Radiowave sensor for measuring the properties of dielectric sheets: application to Veneer moisture content and mass per unit area measurement. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas IM-36(4)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Toni Antikainen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Antikainen, T., Rohumaa, A., Hughes, M. et al. Comparison of the accuracy of two on-line industrial veneer moisture content and density measurement systems. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 73, 61–68 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-014-0865-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-014-0865-x

Keywords

Navigation