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Adjuvant temozolomide-based chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in patients with WHO III astrocytoma

The Mainz experience

Adjuvante temozolomidbasierte Radiochemotherapie versus alleinige Radiotherapie bei Patienten mit WHO-III-Astrozytomen

Erfahrungen mit dem Mainzer Kollektiv

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Abstract

Background

It is currently unclear whether adjuvant therapy for WHO grade III anaplastic astrocytomas (AA) should be carried out as combined chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ)—analogous to the approach for glioblastoma multiforme—or as radiotherapy (RT) alone.

Patients and methods

A retrospective analysis of data from 90 patients with AA, who were treated between November 1997 and February 2014. Assessment of overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was performed according to treatment categories: (1) 50 %, RT + TMZ according to protocol, (2) 11 %, RT + TMZ with dose reduction, (3) 26 %, RT alone, and (4) 13 %, individualized, primarily palliative therapy. No dose reduction was necessary in the RT alone group.

Results

Median OS was 85, 69, and 43 months for treatment categories 1/2, 3, and 4, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. PFS was 35, 29, 48, and 33 months for categories 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively; again without significant differences between categories. In a subgroup of 39 patients with known IDH1 R132H status, the presence of this mutation correlated with significantly longer OS (p = 0.01) and PFS (p = 0.002). Complete or partial tumor resection and younger age also correlated with a significantly better prognosis, and this influence persisted in multivariate analysis. In the IDH1 R132H subgroup analysis, only this marker retained an independent prognostic value.

Discussion and conclusion

A general superiority of combined chemoradiotherapy compared to RT alone could not be demonstrated. Biomarkers for predicting the benefits of combination therapy using RT and TMZ are needed for patients with AA.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Es ist derzeit unklar, ob bei anaplastischen Astrozytomen (AA) vom WHO-Grad III eine adjuvante Therapie analog zur Therapiestrategie beim Glioblastoma multiforme als kombinierte Radiochemotherapie mit Temozolomid (TMZ) oder als alleinige Radiotherapie (RT) durchgeführt werden sollte.

Patienten und Methoden

Retrospektiv wurden die Daten von 90 Patienten mit AA, die zwischen November 1997 und Februar 2014 in unserer Einrichtung therapiert wurden, ausgewertet. Analyse des Gesamtüberlebens (OS) und des progressionsfreien Überlebens (PFS) nach Behandlungskategorien: (1) RT + TMZ protokollgemäß, 50 %, (2) RT + TMZ mit Dosisreduktion, 11 %, (3) alleinige RT, 26 %, (4) individualisierte, primär palliative Therapie, 13 %. Bei den allein mit RT behandelten Patienten war keine Dosisreduktion erforderlich.

Ergebnisse

Das OS lag bei 85, 69 und 43 Monaten für die Behandlungskategorien 1/2, 3 und 4. Die Unterschiede waren jedoch statistisch nicht signifikant. Das PFS lag bei 35, 29, 48 und 33 Monaten für die Kategorien 1, 2, 3 und 4, ebenfalls ohne signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen. In einer Subgruppe von 39 Patienten mit bekanntem IDH1-R132H-Status war das Vorliegen dieser Mutation mit einem signifikant längeren OS (p = 0,01) und PFS (p = 0,002) korreliert. Vollständige oder partielle Tumorresektion und niedrigeres Lebensalter waren mit einer signifikant günstigeren Prognose korreliert und behielten diesen Einfluss in der multivariaten Analyse des gesamten Kollektivs. In der IDH1-R132H-Subgruppenanalyse hatte nur dieser Marker einen eigenständigen prognostischen Wert.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung

Eine generelle Überlegenheit einer kombinierten Radiochemotherapie gegenüber einer alleinigen RT war nicht nachweisbar. Es werden neue Biomarker zur Prädiktion des Nutzens der Kombinationstherapie aus RT und TMZ bei AA benötigt.

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Correspondence to Arnulf Mayer.

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Conflict of interest

A. Mayer, C. Schwanbeck, C. Sommer, M. Stockinger, A. Giese, M. Renovanz, P. Vaupel, and H. Schmidberger state that there is no conflict of interest.

All studies on humans described in the present manuscript were carried out with the approval of the responsible ethics committee and in accordance with national law and the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 (in its current, revised form). Informed consent was obtained from all patients included in studies.

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Mayer, A., Schwanbeck, C., Sommer, C. et al. Adjuvant temozolomide-based chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in patients with WHO III astrocytoma. Strahlenther Onkol 191, 665–671 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-015-0855-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-015-0855-x

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