Abstract
Background and Purpose
The p64 is a flow modulation device designed to be used in endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. There is limited data on the long-term effectiveness of the device. This study sought to determine the safety and long-term efficacy of this device.
Methods
A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was performed to identify all patients treated with a p64 between March 2015 and November 2018 at University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski. Anatomical features, intraprocedural complications, clinical, and angiographic outcomes were also taken into account and reviewed.
Results
A total of 72 patients with 72 aneurysms who met the inclusion criteria were identified. Device placement was successful in all patients. Follow-up angiographic imaging at 6 months showed complete occlusion (O’Kelly–Marotta scale [OKM] D) in 55 (76.3%) patients, subtotal aneurysmal filling (OKM B) in 10 (13.8%) patients, and neck remnant (OKM C) in 7 (9.7%) patients. Catheter angiography at 12 months was available for 70 patients (97.2%) and of these patients 91.4% of the aneurysms were completely occluded (OKM D) (64/72). Delayed angiography at 24 months was available for 68 patients (94.4%) and of these 98.5% (67/68) had completely occluded aneurysms. A 36-month angiography was available for 61 patients (84.4%) by which point all aneurysms had been completely occluded (100%). Permanent morbidity due to delayed aneurysmal rupture occurred in one patient (1.38%). The mortality rate was 0%. Self-limiting mild intimal hyperplasia was seen in 2 patients (2.72%).
Conclusion
Treatment of intracranial aneurysms with a p64 flow modulation device is safe and effective with a high success rate and only infrequent complications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arrese I, Sarabia R, Pintado R, Delgado-Rodriguez M. Flow-diverter devices for intracranial aneurysms: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurgery. 2013;73:193–9. discussion 199–200.
Ye G, Zhang M, Deng L, Chen X, Wang Y. Meta-analysis of the efficiency and prognosis of Intracranial aneurysm treated with flow diverter devices. J Mol Neurosci. 2016;59:158–67.
Walcott BP, Stapleton CJ, Choudhri O, Patel AB. Flow diversion for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. JAMA Neurol. 2016;73:1002–8.
Lylyk P, Miranda C, Ceratto R, Ferrario A, Scrivano E, Luna HR, Berez AL, Tran Q, Nelson PK, Fiorella D. Curative endovascular reconstruction of cerebral aneurysms with the pipeline embolization device: the Buenos Aires experience. Neurosurgery. 2009;64:632–42. discussion 642–3; quiz N6.
Lubicz B, Collignon L, Raphaeli G, Pruvo JP, Bruneau M, De Witte O, Leclerc X. Flow-diverter stent for the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a prospective study in 29 patients with 34 aneurysms. Stroke. 2010;41:2247–53.
Becske T, Kallmes DF, Saatci I, McDougall CG, Szikora I, Lanzino G, Moran CJ, Woo HH, Lopes DK, Berez AL, Cher DJ, Siddiqui AH, Levy EI, Albuquerque FC, Fiorella DJ, Berentei Z, Marosfoi M, Cekirge SH, Nelson PK. Pipeline for uncoilable or failed aneurysms: results from a multicenter clinical trial. Radiology. 2013;267:858–68.
Becske T, Brinjikji W, Potts MB, Kallmes DF, Shapiro M, Moran CJ, Levy EI, McDougall CG, Szikora I, Lanzino G, Woo HH, Lopes DK, Siddiqui AH, Albuquerque FC, Fiorella DJ, Saatci I, Cekirge SH, Berez AL, Cher DJ, Berentei Z, Marosfoi M, Nelson PK. Long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes following pipeline embolization device treatment of complex internal carotid artery aneurysms: five-year results of the pipeline for uncoilable or failed aneurysms trial. Neurosurgery. 2017;80:40–8.
Briganti F, Leone G, Marseglia M, Cicala D, Caranci F, Maiuri F. p64 flow modulation device in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms: initial experience and technical aspects. J Neurointerv Surg. 2016;8:173–80.
Fischer S, Aguilar-Pérez M, Henkes E, Kurre W, Ganslandt O, Bäzner H, Henkes H. Initial experience with p64: a novel mechanically detachable flow diverter for the treatment of Intracranial Saccular sidewall aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015;36:2082–9.
Morais R, Mine B, Bruyère PJ, Naeije G, Lubicz B. Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with the p64 flow diverter stent: mid-term results in 35 patients with 41 intracranial aneurysms. Neuroradiology. 2017;59:263–9.
Briganti F, Leone G, Ugga L, Marseglia M, Macera A, Manto A, Delehaye L, Resta M, Resta M, Burdi N, Nuzzi NP, Divenuto I, Caranci F, Muto M, Solari D, Cappabianca P, Maiuri F. Mid-term and long-term follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated by the p64 flow modulation device: a multicenter experience. J Neurointerv Surg. 2017;9:70–6.
O’Kelly CJ, Krings T, Fiorella D, Marotta TR. A novel grading scale for the angiographic assessment of intracranial aneurysms treated using flow diverting stents. Interv Neuroradiol. 2010;16:133–7.
Nelson PK, Lylyk P, Szikora I, Wetzel SG, Wanke I, Fiorella D. The pipeline embolization device for the intracranial treatment of aneurysms trial. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011;32:34–40.
Pierot L, Spelle L, Berge J, Januel AC, Herbreteau D, Aggour M, Piotin M, Biondi A, Barreau X, Mounayer C, Papagiannaki C, Lejeune JP, Gauvrit JY, Derelle AL, Chabert E, Costalat V. SAFE study (Safety and efficacy analysis of FRED embolic device in aneurysm treatment): 1‑year clinical and anatomical results. J Neurointerv Surg. 2019;11:184–9.
Berge J, Biondi A, Machi P, Brunel H, Pierot L, Gabrillargues J, Kadziolka K, Barreau X, Dousset V, Bonafé A. Flow-diverter silk stent for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms: 1‑year follow-up in a multicenter study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012;33:1150–5.
Shankar JJ, Tampieri D, Iancu D, Cortes M, Agid R, Krings T, Wong J, Lavoie P, Ghostine J, Shettar B, Ritchie K, Weill A. SILK flow diverter for complex intracranial aneurysms: a Canadian registry. J Neurointerv Surg. 2016;8:273–8.
De Vries J, Boogaarts J, Van Norden A, Wakhloo AK. New generation of flow diverter (surpass) for unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a prospective single-center study in 37 patients. Stroke. 2013;44:1567–77.
Wakhloo AK, Lylyk P, de Vries J, Taschner C, Lundquist J, Biondi A, Hartmann M, Szikora I, Pierot L, Sakai N, Imamura H, Sourour N, Rennie I, Skalej M, Beuing O, Bonafé A, Mery F, Turjman F, Brouwer P, Boccardi E, Valvassori L, Derakhshani S, Litzenberg MW, Gounis MJ; Surpass Study Group. Surpass flow diverter in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a prospective multicenter study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015;36:98–107.
Dholakia R, Sadasivan C, Fiorella DJ, Woo HH, Lieber BB. Hemodynamics of flow diverters. J Biomech Eng. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034932.
Kadirvel R, Ding YH, Dai D, Rezek I, Lewis DA, Kallmes DF. Cellular mechanisms of aneurysm occlusion after treatment with a flow diverter. Radiology. 2014;270:394–9.
Puffer RC, Piano M, Lanzino G, Valvassori L, Kallmes DF, Quilici L, Cloft HJ, Boccardi E. Treatment of cavernous sinus aneurysms with flow diversion: results in 44 patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014;35:948–51.
Bhogal P, Ganslandt O, Bäzner H, Henkes H, Pérez MA. The fate of side branches covered by flow diverters-results from 140 patients. World Neurosurg. 2017;103:789–98.
Cebral JR, Raschi M, Mut F, Ding YH, Dai D, Kadirvel R, Kallmes D. Analysis of flow changes in side branches jailed by flow diverters in rabbit models. Int J Numer Methods Biomed Eng. 2014;30:988–99.
Rangel-Castilla L, Munich SA, Jaleel N, Cress MC, Krishna C, Sonig A, Snyder KV, Siddiqui AH, Levy EI. Patency of anterior circulation branch vessels after pipeline embolization: longer-term results from 82 aneurysm cases. J Neurosurg. 2017;126:1064–9.
Brinjikji W, Kallmes DF, Cloft HJ, Lanzino G. Patency of the anterior choroidal artery after flow-diversion treatment of internal carotid artery aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015;36:537–41.
Neki H, Caroff J, Jittapiromsak P, Benachour N, Mihalea C, Ikka L, Moret J, Spelle L. Patency of the anterior choroidal artery covered with a flow-diverter stent. J Neurosurg. 2015;123:1540–5.
Raz E, Shapiro M, Becske T, Zumofen DW, Tanweer O, Potts MB, Riina HA, Nelson PK. Anterior choroidal artery patency and clinical follow-up after coverage with the pipeline embolization device. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015;36:937–42.
Bhogal P, Ganslandt O, Bäzner H, Henkes H, Aguilar Perez M. Treatment of unruptured, saccular, anterior choroidal artery aneurysms with flow diversion: a single centre experience. Clin Neuroradiol. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-018-0677-1. [Epub ahead of print]
Aguilar Pérez M, Bhogal P, Henkes E, Ganslandt O, Bäzner H, Henkes H. In-stent stenosis after p64 flow diverter treatment. Clin Neuroradiol. 2018;28:563–8.
Rouchaud A, Brinjikji W, Lanzino G, Cloft HJ, Kadirvel R, Kallmes DF. Delayed hemorrhagic complications after flow diversion for intracranial aneurysms: a literature overview. Neuroradiology. 2016;58:171–7.
Goertz L, Dorn F, Kraus B, Borggrefe J, Forbrig R, Schlamann M, Liebig T, Turowski B, Kabbasch C. Improved occlusion rate of Intracranial aneurysms treated with the Derivo embolization device: one-year clinical and Angiographic follow-up in a Multicenter study. World Neurosurg. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.03.137. [Epub ahead of print]
Goertz L, Dorn F, Kraus B, Borggrefe J, Schlamann M, Forbrig R, Turowski B, Kabbasch C. Safety and efficacy of the Derivo embolization device for the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. J Neurointerv Surg. 2019;11:290-5.
Kraus B, Goertz L, Turowski B, Borggrefe J, Schlamann M, Dorn F, Kabbasch C. Safety and efficacy of the Derivo embolization device for the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a multicentric study. J Neurointerv Surg. 2019;11:68–73.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
S. Sirakov, A. Sirakov, P. Bhogal, M. Penkov, K. Minkin, K. Ninov, H. Hristov, V. Karakostov and R. Raychev declare that they have no competing interests.
Ethical standards
All procedures performed in the studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sirakov, S., Sirakov, A., Bhogal, P. et al. The p64 Flow Diverter—Mid-term and Long-term Results from a Single Center. Clin Neuroradiol 30, 471–480 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-019-00823-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-019-00823-y