Skip to main content
Log in

Comparison of shear bond strength and residual adhesive remnants on the enamel surface after debonding of three different orthodontic molar tubes

A scanning electron microscope study

Vergleich von Scherhaftfestigkeit und verbleibenden Adhäsivresten auf der Schmelzoberfläche nach dem Lösen von 3 unterschiedlichen kieferorthopädischen Molarenröhrchen

Eine rasterelektronenmikroskopische Studie

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

The aim for this research was to evaluate and compare the impact, bond strength, and residual adhesive on the enamel surface after debonding of different orthodontic molar tubes. The tested materials were metal, composite, and newly introduced ceramic orthodontic molar tubes.

Materials and methods

In all, 66 first molar teeth were randomly divided into three groups. Metal, glass-fiber composite and ceramic orthodontic molar tubes were bonded and shear bond strength (SBS) tests were performed. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores after debonding were recorded and the enamel surfaces were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after the adhesives were cleaned.

Results

The mean SBS values of the metal and ceramic tube groups were significantly higher than that of the glass-fiber composite tube group. The highest SBS values were recorded for the ceramic tube group (11.09 ± 2.51 MPa). Failure typically occurred at the adhesive–enamel interface in the ceramic group, whereas the majority of the samples in the glass-fiber composite group showed failure at the adhesive–tube base interface according to ARI and SEM investigations. ARI 1 and ARI 2 scores were commonly observed for the metal tube group.

Conclusions

All the molar tubes tested had generated clinically acceptable SBS values; however, the values for glass-fiber composite molar tubes were significantly lower than those for the ceramic and metal molar tubes. If the debonding procedure is performed carefully, the ceramic molar tubes may be an enamel-safe product for patients seeking fully esthetic orthodontic treatment.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Ziel dieser Untersuchung war die Evaluierung und der Vergleich von Haftfestigkeit und Restadhäsiv auf der Schmelzoberfläche nach dem Lösen verschiedener kieferorthopädischer Molarenröhrchen. Bei den getesteten Materialien handelte es sich um Metall‑, Komposit- und kürzlich eingeführte keramische kieferorthopädische Molarenröhrchen.

Materialien und Methoden

Insgesamt wurden 66 erste Molaren randomisiert in 3 Gruppen aufgeteilt. Geklebt wurden Metall‑, Glas-Polymer-Komposit- und keramische kieferorthopädische Molarenröhrchen, und es wurden SBS(Scherhaftfestigkeit)-Tests durchgeführt. Die ARI(„adhesive remnant index“)-Werte nach dem Debonding wurden erfasst, und die Schmelzoberflächen wurden nach Reinigung der Adhäsive mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM) untersucht.

Ergebnisse

Die mittleren SBS-Werte der Metall- und Keramikröhrchengruppen waren signifikant höher als die der Glas-Komposit-Röhrchengruppe. Die höchsten SBS-Werte wurden für die Keramikröhrchengruppe registriert (11,09 ± 2,51 MPa). Ein Versagen trat in der Keramikgruppe typischerweise an der Adhäsiv-Schmelz-Grenzfläche auf, während die Mehrheit der Proben in der Glas-Polymer-Kompositgruppe nach ARI- und REM-Untersuchungen an der Grenzfläche zwischen Adhäsiv und Röhrchenbasis versagte. ARI 1 und ARI 2 wurden häufig in der Metallröhrchengruppe beobachtet.

Schlussfolgerungen

Bei allen untersuchten Molarenröhrchen ergaben sich klinisch akzeptable SBS-Werte; die Werte der Glasfaser-Komposit-Molarenröhrchen waren jedoch deutlich niedriger als die der Keramik- und Metall-Molarenröhrchen. Wenn das Debonding-Verfahren sorgfältig durchgeführt wird, können die Keramik-Molarenröhrchen ein schmelzsicheres Produkt für Patienten sein, die eine umfassend ästhetische kieferorthopädische Behandlung wünschen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1 Abb. 1
Fig. 2 Abb. 2
Fig. 3 Abb. 3
Fig. 4 Abb. 4
Fig. 5 Abb. 5
Fig. 6 Abb. 6
Fig. 7 Abb. 7
Fig. 8 Abb. 8
Fig. 9 Abb. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Griffin J, Ruddy M, Mavreas D, Nace S, Vande Vannet B, Stanton KT (2021) Comparison of shear bond strength and ARI of four different adhesive systems used to bond molar tubes: an in vitro study. Int Orthod 19:117–122

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Murray PG, Millett DT, Cronin M (2012) Bonded molar tubes: a survey of their use by specialist orthodontists. J Orthod 39:129–135

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Juntavee N, Wongnara K, Klomklorm P, Khechonnan R, Juntavee A (2018) Shear bond strength of ceramic bracket bonded to different surface-treated ceramic materials. J Clin Exp Dent 10:e1167–e1176

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Reddy YG, Sharma R, Singh A, Agrawal V, Chaturvedi S (2013) The shear bond strengths of metal and ceramic brackets: an in-vitro comparative study. J Clin Diagn Res 7:1495–1497

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Nimplod P, Tansalarak R, Sornsuwan T (2021) Effect of the different debonding strength of metal and ceramic brackets on the degree of enamel microcrack healing. Dental Press J Orthod 26:e2119177

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Alexopoulou E, Polychronis G, Konstantonis D, Sifakakis I, Zinelis S, Eliades T (2020) A study of the mechanical properties of as-received and intraorally exposed single-crystal and polycrystalline orthodontic ceramic brackets. Eur J Orthod 27:72–77

    Google Scholar 

  7. Flores DA, Caruso JM, Scott GE, Jeiroudi MT (1990) The fracture strength of ceramic brackets: a comparative study. Angle Orthod 60:269–276

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Jeiroudi MT (1991) Enamel fracture caused by ceramic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 99:97–99

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Bishara SE, Fehr DE (1997) Ceramic brackets: something old, something new, a review. Semin Orthod 2:178–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Suliman SN, Trojan TM, Tantbirojn D, Versluis A (2015) Enamel loss following ceramic bracket debonding: a quantitative analysis in vitro. Angle Orthod 85:651–656

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Habibi M, Nik TH, Hooshmand T (2007) Comparison of debonding characteristics of metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets to enamel: an in-vitro study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 132:675–679

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Årtun J, Bergland S (1984) Clinical trials with crystal growth conditioning as an alternative to acid-etch enamel pretreatment. Am J Orthod 85:333–340

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. (2017) DIN 13990:2017-04, dentistry—Test methods for shear bond strength of adhesives for orthodontic attachments. Beuth, Berlin

  14. Reynolds IR (1975) A review of direct orthodontic bonding. Br J Orthod 2:171–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Mizrahi E, Smith DC (1971) Direct attachment of orthodontic brackets to dental enamel. Br Dent J 130:392–396

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Retief DH (1974) Failure at the dental adhesive-etched enamel interface. J Oral Rehabil 1:265–284

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Forsberg CM, Hagberg C (1992) Shear bond strength of ceramic brackets with chemical or mechanical retention. Br J Orthod 19:183–189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Arici S, Regan D (1997) Alternatives to ceramic brackets: the tensile bond strength of two aesthetic brackets compared ex-vivo with stainless steel foil-mesh bracket bases. Br J Orthod 24:133–137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Rantala LI, Lastumäki TM, Peltomäki T, Vallittu PK (2003) Fatigue resistance of removable orthodontic appliance reinforced with glass fibre weave. J Oral Rehabil 30:501–506

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Karamouzos A, Athanasiou AE, Papadopoulos MA (1997) Clinical characteristics and properties of ceramic brackets: a comprehensive review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 112:34–40

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Chung CH, Friedman SD, Mante FK (2002) Shear bond strength of rebonded mechanically retentive ceramic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 122:282–287

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

NAO performed the laboratory tests; NU performed the scanning electron microscope investigations. CU (corresponding author) was a major contributor in writing the manuscript and also participated in the laboratory tests. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cagri Ulusoy DDS, PhD.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

N.A. Öncel, N. Ulusoy and C. Ulusoy declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical standards

This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Gazi University (2020-511), although the manuscript does not report on or involve the use of any animal or human data or tissue.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Öncel, N.A., Ulusoy, N. & Ulusoy, C. Comparison of shear bond strength and residual adhesive remnants on the enamel surface after debonding of three different orthodontic molar tubes. J Orofac Orthop 85 (Suppl 1), 94–101 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-023-00496-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-023-00496-w

Keywords

Schlüsselwörter

Navigation