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Three-dimensional zygomatic changes after rapid maxillary expansion in growing patients

Dreidimensionale Jochbeinveränderungen nach schneller Gaumennahterweiterung bei heranwachsenden Patienten

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Abstract

Purpose

To assess the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment on the zygomatic bone complex (ZBC).

Methods

In this single-center retrospective study, pre- and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 38 patients treated with RME were analyzed to investigate changes in the coordinates of the ZBC landmarks. At the start of treatment (T0), the patients’ mean age was 11.1 ± 3.8 years (range 8.3–14.9 years). Cohen’s d test was used to evaluate statistical differences.

Results

There were statistically significant differences between T0 and T1 (P < 0.01) in the measurement values for the maxillary transverse width (ΔT: 3.18 ± 2.58, d: 1.23), frontozygomatic sutures (ΔT: 1.09 ± 0.56, d: 0.43), lowest point of the zygomaticomaxillary sutures (ΔT: 3.16 ± 1.78, d: 0.78), frontomaxillary angular parameter (right side ΔT: 2.81 ± 1.63, d: 1.73; left side ΔT: 2.52 ± 1.20, d: 2.10), frontozygomatic angular parameter (right side ΔT: 2.81 ± 1.63 d: 1.07; left side ΔT: 2.21 ± 2.79, d: 0.61), anterior intermaxillary distance (ΔT: 2.11 ± 1.42, d: 0.99), interzygomaticotemporal distance (ΔT: 2.00 ± 2.42, d: 0.99), and zygomatic angular parameter (right side ΔT: 2.06 ± 1.29, d: 1.6; left side ΔT: 2.02 ± 1.86, d: 1.09).

Conclusions

After RME in growing patients, the zygomatic bone showed pyramidal expansion in the coronal plane and parallel palatal expansion in the axial plane. In addition, significant lateral relocation of the zygomatic bone occurred. The zygomatic bone tended to rotate outward in conjunction with the maxilla, with a typical center of rotation close to the superior side of the frontozygomatic suture. These results shed light on the patterns of skeletal expansion in the zygomatic bone associated with RME in growing patients.

Zusammenfassung

Zielsetzung

Untersucht werden sollten die Auswirkungen einer RME(„rapid maxillary expansion“)-Behandlung auf den Jochbeinkomplex (ZBC).

Methoden

In dieser retrospektiven Studie wurden die DVT(digitale Volumentomographie)-Aufnahmen von 38 mit RME behandelten Patienten vor und nach der Behandlung ausgewertet, um Veränderungen in den Koordinaten von ZBC-Referenzpunkten zu untersuchen. Zu Behandlungsbeginn (T0) betrug das Durchschnittsalter der Patienten 11,1 ± 3,8 Jahre (Range 8,3–14,9). Zur Auswertung der statistischen Unterschiede wurde der Cohen d-Test verwendet.

Ergebnisse

Es gab statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen T0 und T1 (p < 0,01) bei den Messwerten für die maxilläre Transversalbreite (ΔT: 3,18 ± 2,58, d: 1,23), die frontozygomatischen Nähte (ΔT: 1,09 ± 0,56, d: 0,43), den tiefsten Punkt der zygomaticomaxillären Nähte (ΔT: 3,16 ± 1,78, d: 0,78), die frontomaxillären Winkelparameter (rechts ΔT: 2,81 ± 1,63, d: 1,73, links ΔT: 2,52 ± 1,20, d: 2,10), den frontozygomatischen Winkelparameter (rechts ΔT: 2,81 ± 1,63, d: 1,07, links ΔT: 2,21 ± 2,79, d: 0,61), den anterioren intermaxillären (ΔT: 2,11 ± 1,42, d: 0,99) und den interzygomatotemporalen Abstand (ΔT: 2,00 ± 2,42, d: 0,99), sowie den zygomatischen Winkelparameter (rechts ΔT: 2,06 ± 1,29, d: 1,6, links ΔT: 2,02 ± 1,86, d: 1,09).

Schlussfolgerungen

Nach RME bei wachsenden Patienten zeigte das Jochbein eine pyramidale Expansion in der koronalen Ebene und eine parallele palatinale Expansion in der axialen Ebene. Ferner kam es zu einer signifikanten lateralen Verlagerung des Jochbeins. Tendenziell rotierte das Jochbein in Verbindung mit dem Oberkiefer nach außen, mit einem typischen Rotationszentrum nahe der oberen Seite der frontozygomatischen Naht. Diese Resultate vermitteln einen Eindruck von den Mustern der skelettalen Jochbeinexpansion im Kontext mit einer RME bei wachsenden Patienten.

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Funding

Research for this study did not receive any specific grants from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Gelisim University, 34310, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ufuk Ok

  2. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Emre Kayalar &  Sanaz Sadry

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  1. Ufuk Ok
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  2. Emre Kayalar
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Correspondence to Ufuk Ok.

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U. Ok, E. Kayalar and S. Sadry declare that they have no competing interests.

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Ethical approval for the study was received from the Istanbul Aydin University ethics committee (approval number 2021/356). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Ok, U., Kayalar, E. & Sadry, S. Three-dimensional zygomatic changes after rapid maxillary expansion in growing patients. J Orofac Orthop 84, 147–156 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-021-00348-5

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