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Chemical diversity and potential biological functions of the pygidial gland secretions in two species of Neotropical dung roller beetles

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Abstract

Dung roller beetles of the genus Canthon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) emit an odorous secretion from a pair of pygidial glands. To investigate the chemical composition of these secretions, we used stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for analysis of extracts of pygidial gland secretions secreted by the dung roller beetles Canthon femoralis femoralis and Canthon cyanellus cyanellus. Chemical analyses of volatiles collected from pygidial gland secretions comprise a great diversity of the functional groups. Chemical profile comparisons showed high intra- and interspecific variability. The pygidial gland secretion of Canthon f. femoralis was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, whereas the profile of Canthon c. cyanellus was dominated by carboxylic acids. The different pygidial secretions have a high diversity of chemical compounds suggesting a multifunctional nature involving some key functions in the biology. We discuss the biological potential of these compounds found in the pygidial glands of each species with respect to their ecological and behavioral relevance.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to P. Blasco and P. Candela for technical assistance. We would like to thank Bianca Delfosse for her assistance in the revised the final version of the manuscript. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. We are grateful to CONACYT Mexico for awarding a doctoral scholarship (14643) and a postdoctoral fellowship (184878 and 203310) to V.C.G. This paper is partly based on the Ph.D. thesis of V.C.G. This work was supported by CONACYT Mexico (168373-Etapa II) and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) (CGL2008-03878).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. I.U.I. CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03080, Alicante, Spain

    Vieyle Cortez & José R. Verdú

  2. Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Orgánica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain

    Antonio J. Ortiz

  3. Laboratorio de Alta Tecnología de Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos 5, Col. Unidad del Bosque, 91010, Xalapa, México

    Ángel R. Trigos

  4. Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, México

    Mario E. Favila

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  1. Vieyle Cortez
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  2. José R. Verdú
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  3. Antonio J. Ortiz
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Correspondence to Vieyle Cortez.

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Cortez, V., Verdú, J.R., Ortiz, A.J. et al. Chemical diversity and potential biological functions of the pygidial gland secretions in two species of Neotropical dung roller beetles. Chemoecology 25, 201–213 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00049-015-0189-2

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