Abstract
An important goal of invasion ecology is to understand the colonization, establishment, and spread of exotic species. To accomplish this, it is essential to examine the ecology of introduced species in native populations. We examined organization patterns, spatial structure, and competitive abilities of ground-dwelling ants in different habitats of a protected area in east-central Argentina, where several highly invasive ant species naturally coexist, to determine whether all they are ecologically dominant in their native range as in their introduced range. We sampled ant communities at Otamendi Nature Reserve and found 49 ant species co-occurred with moderate separation among habitats, including five species that are global invaders; but only Solenopsis richteri (the most numerically dominant) and Linepithema humile (the best mass recruiter) were ecologically co-dominant along with another three non-invasive species in locally rich assemblages. Their co-occurrence was apparently facilitated by both niche and competitive differences. However, we found no evidence for discovery-dominance trade-offs, and ant diversity and spatial segregation suggested that competition only plays a secondary role in structuring assemblages in arboreal habitats. Despite L. humile and S. richteri were ecologically co-dominant, their hegemony was lower in the reserve than in their introduced range likely due to biotic resistance. The other invasive ants (Wasmannia auropunctata, Brachymyrmex patagonicus, and Nylanderia fulva) were not dominant. It is possible that their establishment, persistence, and high prevalence in anthropic habitats in native and introduced populations to be attributed to their better physiologic adaptations to disturbed habitats rather than to their superior competitive abilities.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Achury R, Chacón de Ulloa P, Arcila AM (2008) Composición de hormigas e interacciones competitivas con Wasmannia auropunctata en fragmentos de Bosque seco Tropical. Rev Colomb de Entomol 34:209–216
Adams ES (1994) Territoriality defense by the ant Azteca trigona: maintenance of an arboreal ant mosaic. Oecologia 97:202–208
APN (2008) Reserva Natural Otamendi. Administración de Parques Nacionales. http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.ar/03_ap/28_otamendi_RNE/28_otamendi_RNE.htm. Accessed Mar 2009
Andersen AN (2008) Not enough niches: non-equilibrial process promoting species co-existence in ant communities. Austral Ecol 33:211–220
Andersen AN, Arman X, Sparks K (2013) Limited niche differentiation within remarkable co-occurrences of congeneric species: Monomorium ants in the Australian seasonal tropics. Austral Ecol 38:557–567
Arman X, Gracia M, Comas L, Retama J (2009) Forest management conditioning ground ant community structure and composition in temperate conifer forest in the Pyrenees Mountains. Forest Ecol Manag 258:51–59
Ascunce MS, Yang CC, Oakey J, Calcaterra LA, Wu WJ, Shih CJ, Goudet J, Ross KG, Shoemaker D (2011) Global invasion history of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Science 331:1066–1068
Badano EI, Regidor HA, Nuñez HA, Acosta R, Gianoli E (2005) Species richness and structure of ant communities in a dynamic archipelago: effects of island area and age. J Biogeogr 32:221–227
Berman M, Andersen AN, Ibañez T (2013) Invasive ants as back-seat drivers of native ant diversity decline in New Caledonia. Biol Invasions 15:2311–2331
Bertelsmeier C, Avril A, Blight O, Jourdan H, Courchamp F (2015a) Discovery-dominance trade-off among widespread invasive species. Ecol Evol 5:2673–2683
Bertelsmeier C, Avril A, Blight O, Confais A, Diez L, Jourdan H, Orivel J, Saint Germés N, Courchamp F (2015b) Different behavioral strategies among seven highly invasive ant species. Biol Invasions. doi:10.1007/s10530-015-0892-5
Bestelmeyer BT (2000) The trade-off between thermal tolerance and behavioral dominance in a subtropical South American ant community. J Anim Ecol 69:998–1009
Brandão CRF, Silva RR, Feitosa RM (2011) Cerrado ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as indicators of edge effects. Zoología 8:379–387
Cabrera AL, Willink A (1980) Biogeografía de América Latina (Serie de Biología 13). OEA, Washington DC
Calcaterra LA, Livore JP, Delgado A, Briano JA (2008) Ecological dominance of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in its native range. Oecologia 156:411–421
Calcaterra LA, Cuezzo F, Cabrera SM, Briano JA (2010) Ground ant diversity in the Iberá Nature Reserve, the largest wetland of Argentina. Ann Entomol Soc Am 103:71–83
Cerdá X, Arnan X, Retana J (2013) Competition as hallmark in ant community ecology? Myrmecol News 18:131–147
Chifflet L, Rodriguero MS, Calcaterra LA, Rey O, Dinghi PA, Baccaro FB, de Souza JLP, Follett P, Confalonieri V (2016) Evolutionary history of the little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata before global invasion: inferring dispersal patterns, niche requirements, and past and present distribution within its native range. J Evolut Biol. doi:10.1111/jeb.12827
Colwell RK (2000) EstimateS: statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 9.1. http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/estimates. Accessed Jan 2015
Cuezzo F (1998) Formicidae, pp. 452–462. In: Morrone JJ, Coscarón S (eds) Biodiversidad de artrópodos argentinos. Ediciones Sur. La Plata, Argentina
Cuezzo F, Calcaterra LA, Chifflet L, Follet P (2015) Wasmannia Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Argentina: systematics and distribution. Sociobiology 62:246–265
Davidson D (1998) Resource discovery versus resource domination in ants: a functional mechanism for breaking the trade off. Ecol Entomol 23:484–490
Delsinne T, Roisin Y, Leponce M (2007) Spatial and temporal foraging overlaps in a Chacoan ground-foraging ant assemblages. J Arid Environ 71:29–44
Dufrene M, Legendre P (1997) Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecol Monogr 67:345–366
Elton CS (1958) The ecology of invasions by animals and plants. Methuen, London, UK
Feener DH Jr, Orr MR, Wackford KM, Longo JM, Benson WW, Gilbert LE (2008) Geographic variation in resource dominance discovery in Brazilian ant comunities. Ecol 89:1824–1836
Fellers JH (1987) Interference and exploitation in a guild of woodland ants. Ecology 68:1466–1478
Folgarait PJ, D’adamo P, Gilbert LE (2004) A grassland ant community in Argentina: the case of Solenopsis richteri and Camponotus punctulatus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) attaining high densities in their native ranges. Ann Entomol Soc Am 97:450–457
Foucaud J, Orivel J, Fournier D, Delabie JH, Loiseau A, Le Breton J, Cerdan P, Estoup A (2009) Reproductive system, social organization, human disturbance and ecological dominance in native populations of the little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata. Mol Ecol 18:5059–5073
Foucaud J, Rey O, Robert S, Crespin L, Orivel J, Facon B, Loiseau A, Jourdan H, Kenne M, Masse PSM, Tindo M, Vonshak M, Estoup A (2013) Thermotolerance adaptation to human-modified habitats occurs in the native range of the invasive ant Wasmannia auropunctata before long-distance dispersal. Evol Appl 6:721–734
Fuentes B (1999) Diversidad y distribución de las comunidades de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en la Reserva Natural Estricta Otamendi Buenos Aires, Argentina. Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad CAECE, Buenos Aires
Fuentes B, Cuezzo FC, Di Iorio OR (1998) Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Natural Reserve of Otamendi, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Giorn Ital Entomol 9:97–98
Gibb H, Parr CL (2010) How does habitat complexity affect foraging success? A test using functional measures on three continents. Oecologia 164:1061–1073
Giraud T, Pedersen JS, Keller L (2002) Evolution of supercolonies: the Argentine ants of southern Europe. P Natl Acad Sci USA 99:6075–6079
Gotelli NJ, McCabe DJ (2002) Species co-occurrence: a meta-analysis of J. M. Diamond´s assembly rules model. Ecology 83:2091–2096
Gotelli NJ, Entsminger GL (2006) EcoSim: null model software for ecology. Version 7. 7.0 edn. Acquired intelligent Inc. and Kesey-Bear. Jericho, VT 05465. http://garyentsminger.com/ecosim Accessed Jan 2015
Gotzek D, Brady SG, Kalla RJ, LaPolla JS (2012) The importance of using multiple approaches for identifying emerging invasive species: the case of the raspberry crazy ant in the United States. PLoS One 7:e45314. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045314
Grover CD, Kay AD, Monson JA, Marsh TC, Holway DA (2007) Linking nutrition and behavioral dominance: carbohydrate scarcity limits aggression and activity in Argentine ants. P Roy Soc B Bio 274:2951–2957
Hammer O, Harper DA, Ryan PD (2001) PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol Electron 4:9
Helford S (2012) Biotic resistance of ants in urban and natural environments. Eukaryon 8:80–84
Hellmann JJ, Byers JE, Bierwagen BG, Dukes JS (2008) Five potential consequences of climate change for invasive species. Conserv Biol 22:534–543
Hill SK (2013) Foraging strategies and aggression patterns of Nylanderia fulva (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in North Central Florida. Ph.D. thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville
Hölldobler B, Wilson EO (1990) The Ants. Harvard University Press, Cambridge
Holway DA (1998) Effect of Argentine ant invasions on ground-dwelling arthropods in northern California riparian woodlands. Oecologia 116:252–258
Holway D (1999) Competitive mechanisms underlying the displacement of native ants by the invasive Argentine ant. Ecology 80:238–251
Holway DA, Suarez AV (1999) Animal behavior: an essential component of invasion biology. Trends Ecol Evol 14:328–330
Holway DA, Lach L, Suarez AV, Tsutsui ND, Case TJ (2002) The causes and consequences of ant invasions. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 33:181–233
Hubbell SP (2001) The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Hutchinson GE (1959) Homage to Santa Rosalia or why are there so many kinds of animals? Am Nat 93:145–159
Josens R, Sola FJ, Marchisio N, Di Renzo MA, Giacometti A (2014) Knowing the enemy: ant behavior and control in a pediatric hospital of Buenos Aires. SpringerPlus 3:229
King JR, Porter SD (2005) Evaluation of sampling methods and species richness estimator for ants in upland ecosystems in Florida. Environ Entomol 34:1566–1578
Kneitel J, Chase J (2004) Trade-offs in community ecology: linking spatial scales and species coexistence. Ecol Lett 7:69–80
Krushelnycky PD, Holway DA, LeBrun EG (2010) Invasion processes and causes of success. In: Lach L, Parr CL, Abbott KL (eds) Ant Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 245–260
Kusnezov N (1952) El género Wasmannia en la Argentina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Zool Lilloana 10:173–182
LeBrun EG (2005) Who is the top dog in ant communities? Resources, parasitoids, and multiple competitive hierarchies. Oecologia 142:643–652
LeBrun EG, Feener JR (2007) When trade-offs interact: balance of terror enforces dominance trade-off in a local ant assemblage. J Anim Ecol 76:58–64
LeBrun EG, Moffett M, Holway DA (2011) Convergent evolution of levee building behavior among distantly related ant species in a floodplain ant assemblage. Insect Soc 58:263–269
LeBrun EG, Abbott J, Gilbert LE (2013) Imported crazy ant displaces imported fire ant, reduces and homogenizes grassland ant and arthropod assemblages. Biol Invasions 15:2429–2442
LeBrun EG, Tillberg CV, Suarez AV, Folgarait PJ, Smith CR, Holway DA (2007) An experimental study of competition between red imported fire ants and Argentine ants in their native range. Ecology 88:63–75
Levings SC, Traniello JFA (1981) Territoriality, nest dispersion, and community structure in ants. Psyche 88:265–320
Lockwood J, Hoopes M, Marchetti M (2007) Invasion ecology. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Massachussets
Lowe S, Browne M, Boudjelas S, De Poorter M (2000) 100 of the world´s worst invasive alien species. A selection from the global invasive species database, Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) a specialist group of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), p 12
Mayfield MM, Levine JM (2010) Opposing effects of competitive exclusion on the phylogenetic structure of communities. Ecol Lett 13:1085-1093
McCune B, Mefford MJ (1999) Multivariate analysis of ecological data version 4.01. MjM software, Gleneden Beach
MacGown JA, Hill JG, Deyrup MA (2007) Brachymyrmex patagonicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), an emerging pest species in the Southeastern United States. Fla Entomol 90:457–464
McGlynn TP (1999) The worldwide transport of ants: geographic distribution and ecological invasions. J Biogeogr 26:535–548
Morrison LW, Kawazoe E, Guerra R, Gilbert L (2000) Ecological interactions of Pseudacteon parasitoids and Solenopsis ant hosts: environmental correlates of activity and effects on competitive hierarchies. Ecol Entomol 25:433–444
Orivel J, Grangier J, Foucaud J, Le Breto J, André F, Jourdan H, Delabie JHC, Fournier D, Cerdan P, Facon B, Estoup A, Dejean A (2009) Ecologically heterogeneous populations of the invasive ant Wasmannia auropunctata within its native and introduced ranges. Ecol Entomol 34:504–512
Parr CL (2008) Dominant ants can control assemblage species richness in a South African savanna. J Anim Ecol 77:1191–1198
Parr CL, Gibb H (2010) Competition and the role of dominant ants. In: Lach L, Parr CL, Abbott KL (eds) Ant ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 77–86
Parr CL, Gibb H (2012) The discovery-dominance trade-off is the exception, rather than the rule. J Anim Ecol 81:233–241
Pearcy M, Goodisman MAD, Keller L (2011) Sib mating without inbreeding in the longhorn crazy ant. P R Soc B Bio 278:2677–2681
Pimentel D, Lach L, Zuniga R, Morrison D (2000) Environmental and economic costs of nonindigenous species in the United States. Bioscience 50:53–64
Quirán EM, Martinez JJ, Bachmann AO (2004) The Neotropical genus Brachymyrmex Mayr, 1868 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Argentina. Redescription of the type species, B. patagonicus Mayr, 1868; B. bruchi Forel, 1912; and B. oculatus Santschi, 1919. Acta Zool Mex 20:273–285
Rey O, Estoup A, Vonshak M, Loiseau A, Blanchet S, Calcaterra LA, Chifflet L, Rossi JP, Kergoat GJ, Foucaud J, Orivel J, Leponce M, Schultz T, Facon B (2012) Where do adaptive shifts occur during invasion? A multidisciplinary approach to unravelling cold adaptation in a tropical ant species invading the Mediterranean area. Ecol Lett 15:1266–1275
Ribas C, Schroederer J (2002) Are all ant mosaic caused by competition? Oecologia 131:606–611
Roura-Pascual N, Hui C, Ikeda T, Leday G, Richardson DM, Carpintero S, Espadaler X, Gómez C, Guénard B, Hartley S, Krushelnycky P, Lester PJ, McGeoch MA, Menke S, Pedersen J, Pitt J, Reyes J, Sanders NJ, Suarez AV, Touyama Y, Ward DF, Ward P, Worner SP (2011) The relative roles of climatic suitability and anthropogenic influence in determining the pattern of spread in a global invader. P Natl Acad Sci USA 108:220–225
Sanders NJ, Gotelli NJ, Heller N, Gordon DM (2003) Community disassembly by an invasive species. Proc Nat Acad Sci 100:2474-2477
Savolainen R, Vepsäläinen K (1988) A competition hierarchy among boreal ants impact on resource partitioning and community structure. Oikos 51:135–155
Simberloff D (1997) Strangers in paradise: impact and management of non-indigenous species in Florida. In: Simberloff DD, Schmitz C, Brown TC (eds) The biology of invasions, Island Press, Washington D. C., p 3–17
StatSoft (2005) STATISTICA for Windows version 7.1. Tulsa, OK. http://www.statsoft.com
Stone L, Roberts A (1990) The checkerboard score and species distributions. Oecologia 5:74–79
Stuble KL, Rodriguez-Cabal MA, McCormick GL, Juric I, Dunn RR, Sanders NJ (2013) Tradeoffs, competition, and coexistence in Eastern deciduous forest ant communities. Oecologia 171:981–992
Suarez AV, Holway DA, Ward PS (2005) The role of opportunity in the unintentional introduction of non-native species. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:17032–17035
Suarez AV, Holway DA, Tsutsui ND (2008) Genetics and behavior of a colonizing species: the invasive Argentine ant. Am Nat 172:S72–S84
Suarez AV, Glynn TP, Tsutsui ND (2010) Biogeographic and taxonomic patterns of introduced ants. In: Lach L, Parr C, Abbott KL (eds) Ant ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 233–245
Suarez AV, Tsutsui ND, Holway DA, Case TJ (1999) Behavioral and genetic differentiation between native and introduced populations of the Argentine ant. Biol Invasions 1:43–53
Tillberg CV, Holway DA, LeBrun EG, Suarez AV (2007) Trophic ecology of invasive Argentine ants in their native and introduced ranges. P Natl Acad Sci USA 104:20856–20861
Thomas ML, Holway DA (2005) Condition-specific competition between invasive Argentine ants and Australian Iridomyrmex. J Anim Ecol 74:532–542
Tschinkel WR (2006) The fire ants. Harvard University Press, Belknap, p 730
Tsutsui ND, Suarez AV, Holway DA, Case TJ (2001) Relationships among native and introduced populations of the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) and the source of introduced populations. Mol Ecol 10:2151–2161
Vandermeer J, Perfecto I, Philpott SM (2008) Cluster of ant colonies and robust criticality in a tropical agroecosystem. Nature 451:457–460
Vitousek PM, Dantonio CM, Loope LL, Westbrooks R (1996) Biological invasions as global environmental change. Am Sci 84:468–478
Vogel V, Pedersen JS, D´Ettorre P, Lehmann M, Keller L (2009) Dinamics and genetic structure of the Argentine ant supercolonies in their native range. Evolution 63:1627–1639
Vogel V, Pedersen JS, Giraud T, Krieger MJB, Keller L (2010) The worldwide expansion of the Argentine ant. Diver Distrib 16:170–186
Vonshak M, Dayan T, Hefetz A (2012) Interspecific displacement mechanisms by the invasive little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata. Biol Invasions 14:851-861
Walters AC, Mackay DA (2005) Importance of large colony size for successful invasion by Argentine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): evidence for biotic resistance by native ants. Austral Ecol 30:395–406
Ward DF, Beggs JR (2007) Coexistence, habitat pattern, and the assembly of ant communities in the Yasawa islands, Fiji. Acta Oecol 32:215–223
Wetterer JK, MacGown JA, Calcaterra LA (2015) Geographic spread of Pheidole obscurithorax (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). TAES 141:222–231
Wild A, Suarez A (2009) Mitochondrial DNA implicates the Paraná “invasion cradle” in another ant introduction-the South American big-headed ant, Pheidole obscurithorax. Abstract. 2009 ESA Annual Meeting, 13–16 Dec 2009
Acknowledgments
We thank M. Guala and N. Bennett for their help in the field; and S. Porter, E. Lebrun, G. Cabrera, J. Wetterer, A. Peard, and two anonymous reviewers for providing advice and help to improve this manuscript. We also thank F. Cuezzo for identification of some ant species, A. Sosa for his assistance with the statistical analyses, and the staff at the ONR for their logistic support. This research was partially supported by the Agricultural Research Service-USDA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Calcaterra, L., Cabrera, S. & Briano, J. Local co-occurrence of several highly invasive ants in their native range: are they all ecologically dominant species?. Insect. Soc. 63, 407–419 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-016-0481-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-016-0481-3