Abstract
Objectives
To describe the changes in diet quality in Colombians using nationally representative samples from the 2005 and 2015 nutrition surveys.
Methods
Repeated cross-sectional analyses of the National Nutrition Surveys from 2005 and 2015. Children (4–17 y.o.) and adults (≥ 18 y.o.) were included. The Alternative Healthy-Eating Index (AHEI) was derived from 24-h recall questionnaires and used to examine diet quality.
Results
A total of 33,971 participants (20,122 children, 13,849 adults) were included in 2005, and 26,445 participants (15,304 children, 11,141 adults) in 2015. Over the ten-year period, the AHEI decreased from 46.3 to 44.3 in children (Cohen’s d = 0.19) and from 49.0 to 46.2 in adults. (Cohen’s d = 0.25). On average, those in the highest socioeconomic level had the worst diet quality; however, the difference between the less and most affluent groups shrank by 4.0% over the observation period.
Conclusions
Between 2005 and 2015, there was a worsening in the diet quality of Colombian children and adults. Less affluent individuals had a greater worsening of diet quality compared to groups from higher socioeconomic levels.
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Data availability
Data described in the manuscript is available to the public upon request to the Ministry of Health of Colombia (http://www.ensin.gov.co/). Codebook and analytic code will be made available upon request to the corresponding author.
Abbreviations
- AHEI:
-
Alternative healthy-eating index
- DHS:
-
National demographic and health survey
- ENSIN (Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional):
-
National Nutrition Survey
- PUFA:
-
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- SSB:
-
Sugar-sweetened beverages
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Colombia’s Ministry of Health for sharing the ENSIN 2005 and 2015 micro-data surveys.
Funding
This study was supported by the Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS), through the Fondo para Investigación en Salud (FIS) [Grant number: 860-2017 to Gustavo Mora]. Maria Ruiz was supported by COLCIENCIAS through the National Program for Doctoral Studies [Grant: Resolution no. 2286].
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GMG and VGL conceptualized the analysis plan; VGL had overall responsibility for the development of the manuscript, and supervised the data analyzes; GMG and RV analyzed the data, and MRD and VGL contributed to the interpretation of results; GMG wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed and approved the final manuscript.
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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests.
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The PROFAMILIA Ethics Committee approved the ENSIN survey prior to data collection (Resolución 8430 de 1993; Ministerio de Salud de Colombia).
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All adult participants provided written informed consent, while children and adolescents provided an informed assent form, in accordance with the guidelines stated in the Declaration of Helsinki. The data for the current analyses are publicly available, and The Ministry of Health of Colombia authorized the use of the dataset for this secondary analysis.
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Mora-García, G., Ruiz-Díaz, M.S., Villegas, R. et al. Changes in diet quality over 10 years of nutrition transition in Colombia: analysis of the 2005 and 2015 nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. Int J Public Health 65, 547–558 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01396-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01396-1