Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Direction of Arrival Estimation by Combining Robust Spatial Time–Frequency Distributions and Spatial Filtering

  • Published:
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents a novel and robust algorithm to estimate the direction of arrival of sources by combining spatial time–frequency distributions and spatial filtering. The proposed algorithm first analyzes a given signal using robust spatial time–frequency distribution. Then, the strongest time–frequency points are selected and clustered to find out the direction of the strongest source. The signal corresponding to the strongest source is then removed through spatial filtering, and this process is iterated till the directions of all the sources are estimated. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method achieves better performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods for both complete signals and sparsely sampled signals. For example, in direction of arrival estimation, the proposed method achieves a mean square error of \(-\)37 dB which is 2 dB lower than the mean square error achieved by the next best method.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data sharing is not applicable to this work, as no datasets were used. The code to reproduce results can be downloaded from https://github.com/nabeelalikhan1/DOA_Spatial_filtering.

References

  1. M. Abed, A. Belouchrani, Performance analysis and computational cost evaluation of high-resolution time-frequency distributions derived from compact support time-lag kernels. Digital Signal Process. 78, 1–19 (2018)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Abed, A. Belouchrani, M. Cheriet et al., Time-frequency distributions based on compact support kernels: properties and performance evaluation. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 60(6), 2814–2827 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. N. Ali Khan, S. Ali, Sparsity-aware adaptive directional time-frequency distribution for source localization. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 37(3), 1223–1242 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-017-0603-9

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. M.G. Amin, Y. Zhang, Direction finding based on spatial time-frequency distribution matrices. Digital Signal Process. 10(4), 325–339 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. A. Belouchrani, M. Amin, Time-frequency MUSIC. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 6(5), 109–110 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1109/97.755429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. A. Belouchrani, M.G. Amin, Time-frequency music. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 6(5), 109–110 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. A. Belouchrani, M. Amin, N. Thirion-Moreau et al., Source separation and localization using time-frequency distributions: an overview. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 30(6), 97–107 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Belouchrani, M.G. Amin, N. Thirion-Moreau et al., Source separation and localization using time-frequency distributions: an overview. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 30(6), 97–107 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. B. Boashash, A. Aïssa-El-Bey, Robust multisensor time-frequency signal processing: a tutorial review with illustrations of performance enhancement in selected application areas. Digital Signal Process. 77, 153–186 (2018)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. A. Hassanien, A.B. Gershman, M.G. Amin, Time-frequency ESPRIT for direction-of-arrival estimation of chirp signals, in Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop Proceedings (IEEE, 2002), pp. 337–341

  11. P. Heidenreich, L. Cirillo, A. Zoubir, Morphological image processing for FM source detection and localization. Signal Process. 89(6), 1070–1080 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2008.12.011

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. N.A. Khan, S. Ali, Multi-component instantaneous frequency estimation in mono-sensor and multi-sensor recordings with application to source localization, in Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing, pp. 1–15 (2021)

  13. N.A. Khan, S. Ali, Robust spatial time-frequency distributions for DOA estimation using spatial averaging and directional smoothing. Signal Process. 180(107), 897 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  14. N.A. Khan, M. Mohammadi, S. Ali, Instantaneous frequency estimation of intersecting and close multi-component signals with varying amplitudes. SIViP 13(3), 517–524 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. N.A. Khan, S. Ali, M. Mohammadi et al., Novel direction of arrival estimation using adaptive directional spatial time-frequency distribution. Signal Process. 168(107), 342 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  16. N.A. Khan, S. Ali, M. Mohammadi et al., Direction of arrival estimation of sources with intersecting signature in time-frequency domain using a combination of IF estimation and MUSIC algorithm. Multidimens. Syst. Signal Process. 31, 549–567 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-019-00676-1

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. N.A. Khan, S. Ali, K. Choi, An efficient direction of arrival estimation algorithm for sources with intersecting signature in the time-frequency domain. Appl. Sci. 11(4), 1849 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. J. Lin, X. Ma, S. Yan et al., Time-frequency multi-invariance esprit for DOA estimation. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 15, 770–773 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. S. Liu, Z. Mao, Y.D. Zhang et al., Rank minimization-based toeplitz reconstruction for DOA estimation using coprime array. IEEE Commun. Lett. 25, 2265 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Ouelha, A. Aïssa-El-Bey, B. Boashash, Improving DOA estimation algorithms using high-resolution quadratic time-frequency distributions. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 65(19), 5179–5190 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2017.2718974

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. W. Sharif, Y. Chakhchoukh, A. Zoubir, Robust spatial time-frequency distribution matrix estimation with application to direction-of-arrival estimation. Signal Process. 91(11), 2630–2638 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2011.05.022

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. H.L.V. Trees, Optimum Array Processing (Wiley Interscience, New York, 2002)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  23. B. Wang, Y.D. Zhang, S. Qin et al., Robust nonstationary jammer mitigation for GPS receivers with instantaneous frequency error tolerance, in Compressive Sensing V: From Diverse Modalities to Big Data Analytics, vol. 9857, ed. by F. Ahmad (International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, Bellingham, 2016), pp. 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2225835

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Y. Zhang, W. Mu, M.G. Amin, Time-frequency maximum likelihood methods for direction finding. J. Frankl. Inst. 337(4), 483–497 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Y.D. Zhang, M.G. Amin, B. Himed, Direction of arrival estimation of nonstationary signals exploiting signal characteristics, in 11th International Conference on Information Science, Signal Processing and their Applications (ISSPA) (IEEE, 2012), pp. 1223–1228

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering and IT, Foundation University, Defence Avenue, DHA Phase-I, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Nabeel Ali Khan

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, University Road, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan

    Sadiq Ali

Authors
  1. Nabeel Ali Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sadiq Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Nabeel Ali Khan or Sadiq Ali.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Khan, N.A., Ali, S. Direction of Arrival Estimation by Combining Robust Spatial Time–Frequency Distributions and Spatial Filtering. Circuits Syst Signal Process 41, 3853–3863 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-022-01959-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-022-01959-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation