Abstract
This paper deals with the problem of functional observer design for systems with non-commensurate time varying delays. The main procedure of three types of functional observers are presented in this article, more precisely, observers with delays dependent, observers without internal delays and delay-free functional observers. A necessary condition for the existence of these observers is given as rank equality. The design conditions for functional observers are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The solution of these LMIs is used to determine the observers parameters. Finally, some numerical examples are given at the end of the paper to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y. Ariba, F. Gouaisbaut, Delay-dependent stability analysis of linear systems with time-varying delay, in 2007 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 2053-2058. IEEE (2007)
F.J. Bejarano, G. Zheng, Observability of linear systems with commensurate delays and unknown inputs. Automatica 50(8), 2077–2083 (2014)
J.W. Brewer, J.W. Bunce, F.S. Van Vleck, Linear Systems Over Commutative Rings (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1986)
A. Benzaouia, A. El Hajjaji, Delay-dependent stabilization conditions of controlled positive TS fuzzy systems with time varying delay. Int. J. Innov. Comput. Inf. Control 7(4), 1533–1547 (2011)
S. Bezzaoucha, H. Voos, M. Darouach, A new polytopic approach for the unknown input functional observer design. Int. J. Control 91(3), 658–677 (2018)
M. Darouach, Existence and design of functional observers for linear systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 45(5), 940–943 (2000)
M. Darouach, Linear functional observers for systems with delays in state variables. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 46(3), 491–496 (2001)
M. Darouach, Unknown inputs observers design for delay systems. Asian J. Control 9(4), 426–434 (2007)
M. Darouach, Functional observers for linear descriptor systems, in 17th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation, Makedonia Palace, Thessaloniki, Greece (2009)
M. Darouach, On the functional observers for linear descriptor systems. Syst. Control Lett. 61, 427–434 (2012)
P. Du, H. Liang, S. Zhao, C.K. Ahn, Neural-based decentralized adaptive finite-time control for nonlinear large-scale systems with time-varying output constraints. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, (2019)
M. Ezzine, M. Darouach, H.S. Ali, H. Messaoud, Unknown inputs functional observers designs for descriptor systems with constant time delay. IFAC Proc. Vol. 44(1), 1162–1167 (2011)
M. Ezzine, M. Darouach, H. Souley Ali, H. Messaoud, Unknown inputs functional observers designs for delay descriptor systems. Int. J. Control 86(10), 1850–1858 (2013)
K. Emami, T. Fernando, B. Nener, H. Trinh, Y. Zhang, A functional observer based fault detection technique for dynamical systems. J. Franklin Inst. 352(5), 2113–2128 (2015)
K. Emami, H. Ariakia, T. Fernando, A functional observer based dynamic state estimation technique for grid connected solid oxide fuel cells. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 33(1), 96–105 (2018)
N. Eskandari, G.A. Dumont, Z.J. Wang, An observer/predictor-based model of the user for attaining situation awareness. IEEE Trans. Hum.–Mach. Syst. 46(2), 279–290 (2015)
B. El Haiek, A. Hmamed, A. El Hajjaji, E.H. Tissir, Improved results on observer based control for discrete-time fuzzy systems. Int. J. Syst. Sci. 48(12), 2544–2553 (2017)
B. El Haiek, H. El Aiss, A. Hmamed, A. El Hajjaji, E.H. Tissir, New approach to robust observer-based control of one-sided Lipschitz non-linear systems. IET Control Theory Appl. 13(3), 333–342 (2018)
F. El Haoussi, E.H. Tissir, Robust \(H_\infty \) controller design for un certain neutral systems via dynamic observer based output feedback. Int. J. Estim. Autom. Comput. 06(2), 164–170 (2009)
F. El Haoussi, E.H. Tissir, F. Tadeo, A. Hmamed, Delay-dependent stabilisation of systems with time-delayed state and control: application to a quadruple-tank process. Int. J. Syst. Sci. 42(1), 41–49 (2011)
N. El Fezazi, E.H. Tissir, F. El Haoussi, Observer based controller design for much number in wind tunnels. Int. J. Ecol. Dev. 33(1), 1–18 (2018)
A. Ech-charqy, M. Ouahi, E.H. Tissir, Robust observer-based control design for singular systems with delays in states. Int. J. Autom. Smart Technol. 8(3), 127–137 (2018)
T.L. Fernando, T. Hieu Minh, L. Jennings, Functional observability and the design of minimum order linear functional observers. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 55(5), 1268–1273 (2010)
T. Fernando, H. Trinh, A procedure for designing linear functional observers. Appl. Math. Lett. 26(2), 240–243 (2013)
T. Fernando, H. Trinh, A system decomposition approach to the design of functional observers. Int. J. Control 87(9), 1846–1860 (2014)
E. Fridman, U. Shaked, K. Liu, New conditions for delay-derivative-dependent stability. Automatica 45(11), 2723–2727 (2009)
Y.M. Fu, G.R. Duan, S.M. Song, Design of unknown input observer for linear time-delay systems. Int. J. Control Autom. Syst. 2, 530–535 (2004)
M. Fliess, H. Mounier, Controllability and observability of linear delay systems: an algebraic approach. ESAIM Control, Optim. Calc. Var. 3, 301–314 (1998)
R. Farkous, E.H. Tissir, \(H_\infty \) finite time state and senor faults estimation for T-S fuzzy system using descriptor technique. in Procceding of 5th International Conference on System and Control. May 25–27. Cadi Ayad university, Marrakesh, Marocco (2016)
K. Gu, J. Chen, V.L. Kharitonov, Stability of Time-Delay Systems (Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, 2003)
D.K. Gu, L.W. Liu, G.R. Duan, A parametric method of linear functional observers for linear time-varying systems. Int. J. Control Autom. Syst. 17(3), 647–656 (2019)
Y. He, Q.G. Wang, C. Lin, M. Wu, Delay-range-dependent stability for systems with time-varying delay. Automatica 43(2), 371–376 (2007)
D. Luenberger, An introduction to observers. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 16(6), 596–602 (1971)
M. Lungu, R. Lungu, Reduced order observer for linear time-invariant multivariable systems with unknown inputs. Circuit. Syst. Signal Process. 32(6), 2883–2898 (2013)
Y. Liu, J.H. Park, B.Z. Guo, Results on stability of linear systems with time varying delay. IET Control Theory Appl. 11(1), 129–134 (2016)
K. Liu, A. Seuret, Y. Xia, Stability analysis of systems with time-varying delays via the second-order BesselLegendre inequality. Automatica 76, 138–142 (2017)
S. Laghrouche, J. Liu, F. Ahmed, M. Harmouche, M. Wack, Adaptive second-order sliding mode observer-based fault reconstruction for PEM fuel cell air-feed system. IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. 23(3), 1098–1109 (2015)
W.Y. Leong, H. Trinh, T. Fernando, A practical functional observer scheme for interconnected time-delay systems. Int. J. Control 88(10), 1963–1973 (2015)
J. Löfberg, YALMIP: A toolbox for modeling and optimization in MATLAB. in Proceedings of the CACSD Conference (Vol. 3) (2004)
R. Mohajerpoor, H. Abdi, S. Nahavandi, A new algorithm to design minimal multi-functional observers for linear systems. Asian J. Control 18(3), 842–857 (2016)
S. Nazmi, R. Mohajerpoor, H. Abdi, S. Nahavandi, Functional observer design with application to pre-compensated multi-variable systems. in IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA) (pp. 620–625). Sydney: IEEE (2015)
T.N. Pham, H. Trinh, L.V. Hien, Load frequency control of power systems with electric vehicles and diverse transmission links using distributed functional observers. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 99, 1–1 (2015)
F. Rotella, I. Zambettakis, A direct design procedure for linear state functional observers. Automatica 70, 211–216 (2016)
J.P. Richard, Time-delay systems: an overview of some recent advances and open problems. Automatica 39(10), 1667–1694 (2003)
C. R. Rao, S. K. Mitra, Further contributions to the theory of generalized inverse of matrices and its applications. Sankhyā Indian J. Stat. Ser. A, 289–300 (1971)
M. Trinh, P.S. Teh, T. Fernando, Time delay systems: design of delay-free and low-order observers. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 55(10), 2434–2438 (2010)
H. Trinh, T. Fernando, Functional Observers for Dynamical Systems, vol. 420 (Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, 2011)
H. Trinh, T. Fernando, Functional Observers for Dynamical Systems (Springer, Berlin, 2012)
H. Trinh, D.C. Huong, A new method for designing distributed reduced-order functional observers of interconnected time-delay systems. J. Franklin Inst. 355(3), 1411–1451 (2018)
P.S. Teh, H. Trinh, Partial state and unknown input estimation for time-delay systems. Int. J. Syst. Sci. 43(4), 748–763 (2012)
E.H. Tissir, Robust control design for retarded discrete time systems. J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Contr. 129, 72–76 (2007)
H. Shao, Improved delay-dependent stability criteria for systems with a delay varying in a range. Automatica 44(12), 3215–3218 (2008)
J. Sun, G.P. Liu, J. Chen, D. Rees, Improved delay-range-dependent stability criteria for linear systems with time-varying delays. Automatica 46(2), 466–470 (2010)
S. Singh, S. Janardhanan, Functional observer-based sliding mode controller design for discrete-time stochastic LTI systems with unmatched uncertainty. Int. J. Syst. Sci. 1–11 (2019)
Y. Xia, M. Fu, P. Shi, Analysis and Synthesis of Dynamical Systems with Time-Delays, vol. 387 (Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, 2009)
S.B. Warrad, O. Boubaker, M. Lungu, Q.M. Zhu On Unknown Input Observer Design for Linear Systems With Delays in States and Inputs. in New Trends in Observer-Based Control (pp. 119–139). Academic Press , Cambridge (2019)
X.M. Zhang, M. Wu, J.H. She, Y. He, Delay-dependent stabilization of linear systems with time-varying state and input delays. Automatica 41(8), 1405–1412 (2005)
G. Zheng, F.J. Bejarano, W. Perruquetti, J.P. Richard, Unknown input observer for linear time-delay systems. Automatica 61, 35–43 (2015)
Y. Zhang, Robust stability and \(H_ {\infty }\) control of discrete-time uncertain impulsive systems with time-varying delay. Circuit. Syst. Signal Process. 35(11), 3882–3912 (2016)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Naami, G., Ouahi, M., Tissir, E.H. et al. Functional Observers Design for Linear Systems with Non-commensurate Time Varying Delays. Circuits Syst Signal Process 40, 598–625 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-020-01502-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-020-01502-x