Skip to main content
Log in

A Transform Domain Implementation of Sparse Representation Method for Robust Face Recognition

  • Published:
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recently, a new discriminative sparse representation method for robust face recognition via \(\textit{l}_2\) regularization (NDSRFR) was reported. In this contribution, a transform domain (TDNDSRFR) is presented. The discrete cosine transform implementation of the TDNDSRFR is given and shown to maintain the recognition accuracy of the NDSRFR while yielding considerable reduction in the computational complexity and storage requirements. Also, a technique that selects the balance parameter is introduced. Extensive simulations were performed on six face databases, namely, ORL, YALE, FERET, FEI, Cropped AR, and Georgia Tech, and sample results are given which confirm the enhanced properties of the TDNDSRFR.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. T. Alobaidi, W.B. Mikhael, A modified discriminant sparse representation method for face recognition, in 2018 IEEE Conference on IEEE 8th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC) (IEEE, Washington, 2018), pp. 727–730

  2. W. Burger, M.J. Burge, Digital Image Processing: An Algorithmic Introduction Using Java (Springer, Berlin, 2009)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. C.-F. Chen, C.-P. Wei, Y.-C. Frank Wang, Low-rank matrix recovery with structural incoherence for robust face recognition, in 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (IEEE, Washington, 2012), pp. 2618–2625

  4. B. Duc, S. Fischer, J. Bigun, Face authentication with sparse grid gabor information, in 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1997. ICASSP-97, vol. 4 (IEEE, Washington, 1997), pp. 3053–3056

  5. N. Goel, G. Bebis, A. Nefian, Face recognition experiments with random projection, in Biometric Technology for Human Identification II, vol. 5779 (International Society for Optics and Photonics, Bellingham, 2005), pp. 426–438

  6. K. Gregor, Y. LeCun, Learning fast approximations of sparse coding, in Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-10) (2010), pp. 399–406

  7. M. Kawulok, E. Celebi, B. Smolka, Advances in Face Detection and Facial Image Analysis (Springer, Berlin, 2016)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Martinez, R. Benavente, the AR Face database. CVC Tech. Report, Technical report (1998)

  9. A.M. Martínez, A.C. Kak, PCA versus LDA. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 23(2), 228–233 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. D. Needell, R. Vershynin, Signal recovery from incomplete and inaccurate measurements via regularized orthogonal matching pursuit. IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process. 4(2), 310–316 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. ORL Database, At&T Laboratories Cambridge Database of Faces. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/attarchive/facedatabase.html. April (1992–1994). Accessed 27 Mar 2019

  12. P.J. Phillips, H. Moon, S. Rizvi, P.J. Rauss et al., The FERET evaluation methodology for face-recognition algorithms. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 22(10), 1090–1104 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. P.J. Phillips, H. Wechsler, J. Huang, P.J. Rauss, The FERET database and evaluation procedure for face-recognition algorithms. Image Vis. Comput. 16(5), 295–306 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. H. Qiu, D.-S. Pham, S. Venkatesh, W. Liu, J. Lai, A fast extension for sparse representation on robust face recognition, in 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) (IEEE, Washington, 2010), pp. 1023–1027

  15. C.-X. Ren, D.-Q. Dai, H. Yan, Robust classification using \({l}_{1,2}\)-norm based regression model. Pattern Recognit. 45(7), 2708–2718 (2012)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. K. Sayood, Introduction to Data Compression (Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington, 2017)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Y. Sun, X. Wang, X. Tang, Sparsifying neural network connections for face recognition, in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2016), pp. 4856–4864

  18. C.E. Thomaz, G.A. Giraldi, A new ranking method for principal components analysis and its application to face image analysis. Image Vis. Comput. 28(6), 902–913 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Vetterli, Fast 2-D discrete cosine transform, in IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP’85, vol. 10 (IEEE, Washington, 1985), pp. 1538–1541

  20. J. Wright, Y. Ma, J. Mairal, G. Sapiro, T.S. Huang, S. Yan, Sparse representation for computer vision and pattern recognition. Proc. IEEE 98(6), 1031–1044 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. J. Wright, A.Y. Yang, A. Ganesh, S. Shankar Sastry, Y. Ma, Robust face recognition via sparse representation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 31(2), 210–227 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Y.T. Xi, P.J. Ramadge, Using sparse regression to learn effective projections for face recognition, in 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) (IEEE, Washington, 2009), pp. 3333–3336

  23. Y. Xu, Z. Zhong, J. Yang, J. You, D. Zhang, A new discriminative sparse representation method for robust face recognition via \(l_{2}\) regularization. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 28(10), 2233–2242 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. YALE Database, UCSD Computer Vision. http://vision.ucsd.edu/content/yale-face-database. Accessed 27 Mar 2019

  25. X. Yong, Q. Zhu, Z. Fan, D. Zhang, J. Mi, Z. Lai, Using the idea of the sparse representation to perform coarse-to-fine face recognition. Inf. Sci. 238, 138–148 (2013)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. A. Y. Yang, S. Shankar Sastry, A. Ganesh, Y. Ma, Fast \(\it l\it _1\)-minimization algorithms and an application in robust face recognition: a review, in 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) (IEEE, Washington, 2010), pp. 1849–1852

  27. J. Yang, D. Chu, L. Zhang, X. Yong, J. Yang, Sparse representation classifier steered discriminative projection with applications to face recognition. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 24(7), 1023–1035 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. D. Zhang, Z. Guo, Y. Gong, Multispectral biometrics systems, in Multispectral Biometrics: Systems and Applications. (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016), pp. 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22485-5_2

  29. L. Zhang, M. Yang, X. Feng, Sparse representation or collaborative representation: Which helps face recognition? in 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) (IEEE, Washington, 2011), pp. 471–478

  30. F. Zhi-Peng, Z. Yan-Ning, H. Hai-Yan, Survey of deep learning in face recognition, in 2014 IEEE International Conference on Orange Technologies (ICOT) (IEEE, Washington, 2014), pp. 5–8

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Iraqi government scholarship (HCED). The authors acknowledge the University of Central Florida Advanced Research Computing Center for providing computational resources that contributed to results reported herein. https://arcc.ist.ucf.edu. Also, the authors would like to thank Mr. André Beckus for his valuable comments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Taif Alobaidi.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Alobaidi, T., Mikhael, W.B. A Transform Domain Implementation of Sparse Representation Method for Robust Face Recognition. Circuits Syst Signal Process 38, 4302–4313 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-019-01099-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-019-01099-w

Keywords

Navigation