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Pelagic cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation in lakes and ponds of different latitudinal zones

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Abstract

Excess nitrogen (N) loading is one of the main factors causing eutrophication. Biological N fixation (BNF), as a main contributor to N loading, plays a critical role in the N cycle. The N2 fixation rate (N2fix) is regulated by many factors and is usually higher under conditions of N deficiency. Most studies have focused on the regulation of factors that influence the N2fix in specific aquatic ecosystems or artificial conditions, while fewer have focused on large scale such as the latitudinal distribution of N2fix. To understand the regulation of the N2fix in latitudinal zones, the key factors, and the underlying mechanism, we compared the N2fix in 27 lakes located in different latitudinal zones and analyzed the main regulators. The results showed that (1) heterocyst density (DHet) and the N2fix were highest in low-temperate lakes and were 2.5–2.7 and 11.6–22.1 times greater than in high-temperate lakes and tropical lakes, respectively, in the 99th quantile; (2) DHet increased and then decreased with increasing latitude and radiation, and peaked at 30.28° N and 2300 J/cm/d; (3) DHet was positively correlated with temperature and increased slightly with increasing temperature; (4) N2fix increased and then decreased with increasing latitude, temperature and radiation, and peaked at 38.8° N, 24.21 °C and 2120 J/cm/d. The results suggest that BNF could be regulated by larger scale factors, e.g., temperature and radiation in latitudinal scale. Compared with high-temperate lakes and tropical lakes, low-temperate lakes may face more difficulties in controlling eutrophication due to the potentially higher N loading from BNF under similar nutrient and morphometric conditions.

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The data that supported the results and conclusions of this study are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The research was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC3200103), Wuhan Science and Technology Plan Project (2020020602012152), the Research Project of Wuhan Municipal Construction Group Co., Ltd. (wszky202014), and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology (2019FBZ01). Hai-Jun Wang was supported by the Youth Innovation Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y201859) as an excellent member, and was also supported by the Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology (202001BB050078). We thank Prof. Erik Jeppesen and David P. Hamilton for their comments on the manuscript. We also thank Qing Yu for her help in the field investigations and Meng-Na Zhang for her help in data analysis.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 South Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, People’s Republic of China

    Yan Li, Ye-Xin Yu, Shuo-Nan Ma, Rui-Ting Qiao, Yong-De Cui, Hai-Jun Wang & Hong-Zhu Wang

  2. Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, People’s Republic of China

    Hai-Jun Wang

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Li, Y., Yu, YX., Ma, SN. et al. Pelagic cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation in lakes and ponds of different latitudinal zones. Aquat Sci 84, 42 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-022-00871-6

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