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Annual/Seasonal Variation in Induction Vectors at Different Geological Locations in an Indian Sector

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Abstract

Magnetotelluric (MT) transfer functions, which carry information about the subsurface resistivity distribution, remain constant over time in geologically stable regions. However, recent results indicate the presence of significant seasonal changes in tipper/induction arrows irrespective of the geological processes. We have obtained the annual and seasonal variations in induction vectors at six observatories located in different geographical (island, inland, and coastal areas) and tectonic (cratonic, and passive/convergent margins) settings in India. Based on a 30-day period of data, the tipper/induction vectors are estimated by using 1-min magnetic variation data for 2 years at each site for a period range of 4–150 min. The average tipper amplitude variations range from 0.2 to 0.3 at coastal sites, from 0.1 to 0.2 at island sites, and < 0.1 at inland sites. The seasonal pattern at low-latitude sites is greatest at the summer solstice and smallest at the winter solstice, whereas at equatorial sites it is greatest at the winter solstice/autumnal equinox and smallest at the summer solstice. At low-latitude and equatorial sites, seasonal variation in the direction of the induction vectors is at the sharp conductivity contrast periods. The varying ranges of the seasonality of tipper amplitude and direction variations at different geological regimes are due to the interaction of the source field with the conductivity structure and the lateral changes in the conductivity around the particular site.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge financial support by the Ministry of Earth Sciences [MoES/P.O. (Seismo)/1(124)/2010], SIMAND as well as GENIAS and the Department of Science & Technology [SR/WOS-A/EA-40/2018]. We thank Dr. Nandini Nagarajan for providing continuous guidance and support to improve the work. We thank Director, CSIR-NGRI for permission to publish this work, the Department of Science & Technology and Forest Department, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep Islands and Bethanee Navajeevan high school (Kanyakumari) for site permissions towards the installation of magnetometers. We thank the staff of CSIR-NGRI Geomagnetic Observatories for collection of data. This work is permitted to publish with reference number NGRI/Lib/2023/Pub-15.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geomagnetic Observatories, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India

    Edara Anusha & Kusumita Arora

  2. Department of Geophysics, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam, India

    Edara Anusha

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  1. Edara Anusha
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All the authors contributed substantially in various stages of the research work. Edara Anusha and Kusumita Arora conceptualized and designed the study. Edara Anusha lead the data analysis and processing efforts. Interpretation, writing and revising the manuscript was done by Edara Anusha and Kusumita Arora.

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Correspondence to Kusumita Arora.

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Anusha, E., Arora, K. Annual/Seasonal Variation in Induction Vectors at Different Geological Locations in an Indian Sector. Pure Appl. Geophys. 180, 3527–3543 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-023-03333-8

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