Abstract
In this article, we prove a local energy estimate for the linear wave equation on metrics with slow decay to a Kerr metric with small angular momentum. As an application, we study the quasilinear wave equation \(\Box _{g(u, t, x)} u = 0\) where the metric g(u, t, x) is close (and asymptotically equal) to a Kerr metric with small angular momentum g(0, t, x). Under suitable assumptions on the metric coefficients, and assuming that the initial data for u is small enough, we prove global existence and decay of the solution u.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alinhac, S.: On the Morawetz-Keel-Smith-Sogge inequality for the wave equation on a curved background. Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 42(3), 705–720 (2006)
Andersson, L., Blue, P.: Hidden symmetries and decay for the wave equation on the Kerr spacetime. Ann. Math. 182(3), 787–853 (2015)
Angelopoulos, Y., Aretakis, S., Gajic, D.: Late-time asymptotics for the wave equation on spherically symmetric stationary backgrounds. Adv. Math. 323, 529–621 (2018)
Angelopoulos, Y., Aretakis, S., Gajic, D.: Late-time asymptotics for the wave equation on extremal Reissner-Nordström backgrounds, arXiv:1807.03802
Aretakis, S.: Decay of axisymmetric solutions of the wave equation on extreme Kerr backgrounds. J. Funct. Anal. 263(9), 2770–2831 (2012)
Blue, P., Soffer, A.: Semilinear wave equations on the Schwarzschild manifold I: local decay estimates. Adv. Differ. Equ. 8, 595–614 (2003)
Blue, P., Soffer, A.: The wave equation on the Schwarzschild metric II: Local decay for the spin-2 Regge-Wheeler equation. J. Math. Phys. 46, 9 (2005)
Blue, P., Soffer, A.: Errata for “Global existence and scattering for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on Schwarzschild manifolds”, “Semilinear wave equations on the Schwarzschild manifold I: Local decay estimates”, and “The wave equation on the Schwarzschild metric II: Local decay for the spin 2 Regge Wheeler equation”, preprint
Blue, P., Soffer, A.: Phase space analysis on some black hole manifolds. J. Funct. Anal. 256(1), 1–90 (2009)
Blue, P., Soffer, A.: Improved decay rates with small regularity loss for the wave equation about a Schwarzschild black hole, arXiv:math/0612168v1
Blue, P., Sterbenz, J.: Uniform decay of local energy and the semi-linear wave equation on Schwarzschild space. Commun. Math. Phys. 268(2), 481–504 (2006)
Bony, J.F., Häfner, D.: The semilinear wave equation on asymptotically Euclidean manifolds. Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. 35, 23–67 (2010)
Bony, J.F., Häfner, D.: Decay and non-decay of the local energy for the wave equation in the De Sitter-Schwarzschild metric. Commun. Math. Phys. 282, 697–719 (2008)
Booth, R., Christianson, H., Metcalfe, J., Perry, J.: Localized Energy for Wave Equations with Degenerate Trapping. Math. Res. Lett. 26, 991–1025 (2019)
Candy, T., Kauffman, C., Lindblad, H.: Asymptotic Behavior of the Maxwell-Klein-Gordon system. Commun. Math. Phys. (2019)
Christianson, H.: Dispersive estimates for manifolds with one trapped orbit. Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. 33, 1147–1174 (2008)
Colin de Verdière, Y., Parisse, B.: Equilibre Instable en Regime Semi-classique: I - Concentration Microlocale. Commun. PDE. 19, 1535–1563 (1994)
Dafermos, M., Rodnianski, I.: The red-shift effect and radiation decay on black hole spacetimes. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 62(7), 859–919 (2009)
Dafermos, M., Rodnianski, I.: A note on energy currents and decay for the wave equation on a Schwarzschild background. arXiv:0710.0171
Dafermos, M., Rodnianski, I.: Lectures on black holes and linear waves, arXiv:0811.0354
Dafermos, M., Rodnianski, I.: A new physical-space approach to decay for the wave equation with applications to black hole spacetimes, arXiv:0910.4957
Dafermos, M., Rodnianski, I., Shlapentokh-Rothman, Y.: Decay for solutions of the wave equation on Kerr exterior spacetimes III: The full subextremal case \(|a|<M\). Ann. Math. 183(3), 787–913 (2016)
Donninger, R., Schlag, W., Soffer, A.: On pointwise decay of linear waves on a Schwarzschild black hole background. Commun. Math. Phys. 309, 51–86 (2012)
Dyatlov, S.: Spectral gaps for normally hyperbolic trapping. Annales de l’Institut Fourier 66, 55–82 (2016)
Dyatlov, S.: Asymptotics of linear waves and resonances with applications to Black Holes. Comm. Math. Phys. 335(3), 1445–1485 (2015)
Dyatlov, S., Zworski, M.: Trapping of waves and null geodesics for rotating black holes. Phys. Rev. D 88, 084037 (2013)
Gérard, C., Sjöstrand, J.: Semiclassical resonances generated by a closed trajectory of hyperbolic type. Commun. Math. Phys. 108(3), 391–421 (1987)
Hawking, S. W., Ellis, G. F. R.: The large scale structure of space-time. Cambridge Monographs on Mathematical Physics, No. 1. London, New York: Cambridge University Press (1973)
Hintz, P.: Normally hyperbolic trapping on asymptotically stationary spacetimes. arXiv:1811.07843
Hintz, P.: A sharp version of Price’s law for wave decay on asymptotically flat spacetimes. arXiv:2004.01664
Hintz, P., Vasy, A.: Global analysis of quasilinear wave equations on asymptotically Kerr-de Sitter spaces, Int. Math. Res. Notices (17), 5355–5426 (2016)
Keel, M., Smith, H., Sogge, C.D.: Almost global existence for some semilinear wave equations, Dedicated to the memory of Thomas H. Wolff. J. Anal. Math. 87, 265–279 (2002)
Keir, J.: The weak null condition and global existence using the p-weighted energy method Preprint (2018)
Kenig, C.E., Ponce, G., Vega, L.: On the Zakharov and Zakharov-Schulman systems. J. Funct. Anal. 127, 204–234 (1995)
Laba, I., Soffer, A.: Global existence and scattering for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on Schwarzschild manifolds. Helv. Phys. Acta 72, 274–294 (1999)
Laul, P., Metcalfe, J.: Localized energy estimates for wave equations on high-dimensional Schwarzschild space-times. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 140, 3247–3262 (2012)
Lindblad, H.: Global solutions of quasilinear wave equations. Amer. J. Math. 130(1), 115–157 (2008)
Lindblad, H., Rodnianski, I.: The global stability of the Minkowski space-time in harmonic gauge. Ann. Math 171(3), 1401–1477 (2010)
Lindblad, H.: On the asymptotic behavior of solutions to Einstein’s vacuum equations in wave coordinates. Commun. Math. Phys. 353(1), 135–184 (2017)
Lindblad, H., Schlue, V.: Scattering from infinity for semilinear models of Einstein’s equations satisfying the weak null condition. arXiv:1711.00822
Lindblad, H., Tohaneanu, M.: Global existence for quasilinear wave equations close to Schwarzschild. Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. 43(6), 893–944 (2018)
Marzuola, J., Metcalfe, J., Tataru, D., Tohaneanu, M.: Strichartz estimates on Schwarzschild black hole backgrounds. Commun. Math. Phys. 293(1), 37–83 (2010)
Metcalfe, J., Sogge, C.: Long-time existence of quasilinear wave equations exterior to star-shaped obstacles via energy methods. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 38(1), 188–209 (2006). (electronic)
Metcalfe, J., Sterbenz, J., Tataru, D.: Local energy decay for scalar fields on time dependent non-trapping backgrounds, AJM to appear, arXiv:1703.08064
Metcalfe, J., Tataru, D.: Decay estimates for variable coefficient wave equations in exterior domains, Advances in phase space analysis of partial differential equations, 201–216, Progr. Nonlinear Differential Equations Appl., 78
Metcalfe, J., Tataru, D., Tohaneanu, M.: Price’s law on nonstationary space-times. Adv. Math. 230(3), 995–1028 (2012)
Morawetz, C.: Time decay for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations. Proc. Roy. Soc. Ser. A. 306, 291–296 (1968)
Morgan, K.: Wave decay in the asymptotically flat stationary setting. PhD thesis, (2019)
Moschidis, G.: The \(r^{p}\)-weighted energy method of Dafermos and Rodnianski in general asymptotically flat spacetimes and applications. Ann. PDE 2(6), 1–194 (2016)
Nonnenmacher, S., Zworski, M.: Semiclassical resolvent estimates in chaotic scattering. Appl. Math. Res. Express. AMRX, (1) (2009):74–86
Oliver, J., Sterbenz, J.: A Vector Field Method for Radiating Black Hole Spacetimes. Anal. PDE. 13(1), 29–92 (2020)
Price, R.: Nonspherical perturbations of relativistic gravitational collapse. I. Scalar and gravitational perturbations. Phys. Rev. D (3) 5, 2419–2438 (1972)
Ralston, J.V.: Solutions of the wave equation with localized energy. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 22, 807–823 (1969)
Sà Barreto, A., Zworski, M.: Distribution of resonances for spherical black holes. Math. Res. Lett. 4(1), 103–121 (1997)
Sbierski, J.: Characterisation of the Energy of Gaussian Beams on Lorentzian Manifolds - with Applications to Black Hole Spacetimes. Anal. PDE 8(6), 1379–1420 (2015)
Schlue, V.: Decay of linear waves on higher dimensional Schwarzschild black holes. Anal. PDE 6(3), 515–600 (2013)
Smith, H.F., Sogge, C.D.: Global Strichartz estimates for nontrapping perturbations of the Laplacian. Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. 25, 2171–2183 (2000)
Sterbenz, J.: Angular regularity and Strichartz estimates for the wave equation. With an appendix by I. Rodnianski. Int. Math. Res. Not. 2005, 187–231
Strauss, W.: Dispersal of waves vanishing on the boundary of an exterior domain. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 28, 265–278 (1975)
Tataru, D.: Local decay of waves on asymptotically flat stationary space-times. AJM Volume 135, No. 2, 361–401
Tataru, D., Tohaneanu, M.: Local energy estimate on Kerr black hole backgrounds. Int. Math. Res. Not. 2, 248–292 (2011)
Taylor, M.: Pseudodifferential Operators and Nonlinear PDE. Birkhaüser Boston Inc., Boston, MA (1991)
Taylor, M.: Tools for PDE: Pseudodifferential Operators, Paradifferential operators, and layer potentials. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI (2000)
Wunsch, J., Zworski, M.: Resolvent estimates for normally hyperbolic trapped sets. Ann. Henri Poincaré 12(7), 1349–1385 (2011)
Yang, S.: Global stability of solutions to nonlinear wave equations. Selecta Math. 21(3), 833–881 (2015)
Yang, S.: On the quasilinear wave equations in time dependent inhomogeneous media. J. Hyper. Differ. Equ. 13, 273 (2016)
Acknowledgements
H.L. was supported in part by NSF grant DMS-1500925 and Simons Collaboration Grant 638955. M.T. was supported in part by the NSF Ggrant DMS–1636435 and Simons collaboration Grant 586051. We would also like to thank the Mittag Leffler Institute for their hospitality during the Fall 2019 program in Geometry and Relativity.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by Mihalis Dafermos.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lindblad, H., Tohaneanu, M. A Local Energy Estimate for Wave Equations on Metrics Asymptotically Close to Kerr. Ann. Henri Poincaré 21, 3659–3726 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-020-00950-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-020-00950-0