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The role of blood flow in vessel remodeling and its regulatory mechanism during developmental angiogenesis

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Abstract

Vessel remodeling is essential for a functional and mature vascular network. According to the difference in endothelial cell (EC) behavior, we classified vessel remodeling into vessel pruning, vessel regression and vessel fusion. Vessel remodeling has been proven in various organs and species, such as the brain vasculature, subintestinal veins (SIVs), and caudal vein (CV) in zebrafish and yolk sac vessels, retina, and hyaloid vessels in mice. ECs and periendothelial cells (such as pericytes and astrocytes) contribute to vessel remodeling. EC junction remodeling and actin cytoskeleton dynamic rearrangement are indispensable for vessel pruning. More importantly, blood flow has a vital role in vessel remodeling. In recent studies, several mechanosensors, such as integrins, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1)/vascular endothelial cell (VE-cadherin)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) complex, and notch1, have been shown to contribute to mechanotransduction and vessel remodeling. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of vessel remodeling in mouse and zebrafish models. We further underline the contribution of cellular behavior and periendothelial cells to vessel remodeling. Finally, we discuss the mechanosensory complex in ECs and the molecular mechanisms responsible for vessel remodeling.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China (jfkyjf202203001). The author would like to thank all the other members of the Public Experimental Center of the National Bioindustry Base (Chongqing) in charge of Professor Guixue Wang for their constructive discussion and support.

Funding

This work was supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12032007, 31971242) and JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China (jfkyjf202203001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China

    Lin Wen, Wenhua Yan & Guixue Wang

  2. Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China

    Li Zhu & Chaojun Tang

  3. JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China

    Guixue Wang

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  1. Lin Wen
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  2. Wenhua Yan
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  3. Li Zhu
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  4. Chaojun Tang
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  5. Guixue Wang
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Contributions

LW design, investigation and writing of the original draft. LW, WHY and LZ literature search, analysis and discussion. GXW and CJT conceptualization, critical revisions of the manuscript, supervision. All authors contributed to final approval of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chaojun Tang or Guixue Wang.

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Wen, L., Yan, W., Zhu, L. et al. The role of blood flow in vessel remodeling and its regulatory mechanism during developmental angiogenesis. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 80, 162 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-023-04801-z

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