Abstract
Sphaleron and instanton solutions of the Standard Model provide violation of baryon and lepton numbers and could lead to spectacular events at the LHC or future colliders. Certain models of new physics can also lead to sphaleron-like vacuum transitions. This nonperturbative physics could be relevant to the generation of the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe. We have developed BaryoGEN, an event generator that facilitates the exploration of sphaleron-like transitions in proton-proton collisions with minimal assumptions. BaryoGEN outputs standard Les Houches Event files that can be processed by PYTHIA, and the code is publicly available. We also discuss various approaches to experimental searches for such transitions in proton-proton collisions.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
G. ’t Hooft, Symmetry Breaking Through Bell-Jackiw Anomalies, Phys. Rev. Lett. 37 (1976) 8 [INSPIRE].
F.R. Klinkhamer and N.S. Manton, A Saddle Point Solution in the Weinberg-Salam Theory, Phys. Rev. D 30 (1984) 2212 [INSPIRE].
M. Trodden, Electroweak baryogenesis, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71 (1999) 1463 [hep-ph/9803479] [INSPIRE].
M. Fukugita and T. Yanagida, Barygenesis without grand unification, Phys. Lett. B 174 (1986) 45.
E.W. Kolb and M.S. Turner, The Early Universe, Front. Phys. 69 (1990) 1 [INSPIRE].
S.-S. Chern and J. Simons, Characteristic Forms and Geometric Invariants, Annals Math. 99 (1974) 48.
CMS collaboration, Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC, Phys. Lett. B 716 (2012) 30 [arXiv:1207.7235] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Observation of a new particle in the search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, Phys. Lett. B 716 (2012) 1 [arXiv:1207.7214] [INSPIRE].
S.H.H. Tye and S.S.C. Wong, Bloch Wave Function for the Periodic Sphaleron Potential and Unsuppressed Baryon and Lepton Number Violating Processes, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 045005 [arXiv:1505.03690] [INSPIRE].
K. Funakubo, K. Fuyuto and E. Senaha, Does a band structure affect sphaleron processes?, arXiv:1612.0543.
C. Bachas and T. Tomaras, Band Structure in Yang-Mills Theories, JHEP 05 (2016) 143 [arXiv:1603.08749] [INSPIRE].
S.H.H. Tye and S.S.C. Wong, The Chern-Simons Number as a Dynamical Variable, arXiv:1601.0041.
S.H.H. Tye and S.S.C. Wong, Baryon Number Violating Scatterings in Laboratories, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 093004 [arXiv:1710.07223] [INSPIRE].
J. Ellis and K. Sakurai, Search for Sphalerons in Proton-Proton Collisions, JHEP 04 (2016) 086 [arXiv:1601.03654] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for strong gravity in multijet final states produced in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV using the ATLAS detector at the LHC, JHEP 03 (2016) 026 [arXiv:1512.02586] [INSPIRE].
D.G. Cerdeño, P. Reimitz, K. Sakurai and C. Tamarit, B + L violation at colliders and new physics, JHEP 04 (2018) 076 [arXiv:1801.03492] [INSPIRE].
T. Sjöstrand et al., An introduction to PYTHIA 8.2, Comput. Phys. Commun. 191 (2015) 159 [arXiv:1410.3012] [INSPIRE].
J. Alwall et al., A standard format for Les Houches event files, Comput. Phys. Commun. 176 (2007) 300 [hep-ph/0609017] [INSPIRE].
C. Bravo, BaryoGEN, https://github.com/cbravo135/BaryoGEN.
A. Ringwald, High energy breakdown of perturbation theory in the electroweak instanton sector, Nucl. Phys. B 330 (1990) 1.
O. Espinosa, High-energy behavior of baryon- and lepton-number violating scattering amplitudes in the standard model, Nucl. Phys. B 343 (1990) 310.
M. Gibbs and B. Webber, HERBVI — a program for simulation of baryon and lepton number violating processes, Comput. Phys. Commun. 90 (1995) 369.
H.-L. Lai et al., New parton distributions for collider physics, Phys. Rev. D 82 (2010) 074024 [arXiv:1007.2241] [INSPIRE].
Particle Data Group collaboration, K.A. Olive et al., Review of Particle Physics, Chin. Phys. C 38 (2014) 090001 [INSPIRE].
NNPDF collaboration, R.D. Ball et al., Parton distributions for the LHC Run II, JHEP 04 (2015) 040 [arXiv:1410.8849] [INSPIRE].
J. Bellm et al., HERWIG 7.0/HERWIG++ 3.0 release note, Eur. Phys. J. C 76 (2016) 196 [arXiv:1512.01178] [INSPIRE].
R. Brun and F. Rademakers, ROOT: an object oriented data analysis framework, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 389 (1997) 81 [INSPIRE].
A. Buckley et al., LHAPDF6: parton density access in the LHC precision era, Eur. Phys. J. C 75 (2015) 132 [arXiv:1412.7420] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for black holes in high-multiplicity final states in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV, Phys. Lett. B 774 (2017) 279 [arXiv:1705.01403] [INSPIRE].
M. Spannowsky and C. Tamarit, Sphalerons in composite and non-standard Higgs models, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 015006 [arXiv:1611.05466] [INSPIRE].
F.R. Klinkhamer and P. Nagel, SU(3) sphaleron: numerical solution, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 016006 [arXiv:1704.07756] [INSPIRE].
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
ArXiv ePrint: 1805.02786
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Bravo, C., Hauser, J. BaryoGEN, a Monte Carlo generator for sphaleron-like transitions in proton-proton collisions. J. High Energ. Phys. 2018, 41 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2018)041
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2018)041