Abstract
We discuss the effective string theory of vortex lines in ordinary fluids and low-temperature superfluids, by describing the bulk fluid flow in terms of a two-form field to which vortex lines can couple. We derive the most general low-energy effective Lagrangian that is compatible with (spontaneously broken) Poincaré invariance and worldsheet reparameterization invariance. This generalizes the effective action developed in [1, 2]. By applying standard field-theoretical techniques, we show that certain low-energy coupling constants — most notably the string tension — exhibit RG running already at the classical level. We discuss applications of our techniques to the study of Kelvin waves, vortex rings, and the coupling to bulk sound modes.
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Horn, B., Nicolis, A. & Penco, R. Effective string theory for vortex lines in fluids and superfluids. J. High Energ. Phys. 2015, 153 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2015)153
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2015)153