Abstract
In a usual dark matter (DM) model without a huge mass difference between the DM and lighter mediator, using the coupling strength suitable for having the correct relic density, the resulting self-interaction becomes several orders of magnitude smaller than that required to interpret the small-scale structures. We present a framework that can offer a solution for this point. We consider a model that contains the vector DM and a heavier but unstable Higgs-like scalar in the hidden sector. When the temperature drops below ~ mDM, the hidden sector, which is thermally decoupled from the visible sector, enters a cannibal phase, during which the DM density is depleted with the out-of-equilibrium decay of the scalar. The favored parameter region, giving the correct relic density and the proper size of self-interactions, shows the scalar-to-DM mass ratio ∈ [1.1, 1.33] and the scalar mass ∈ [9, 114] MeV. A sizable parameter space still survives the most current constraints and can be further probed by the near future NA62 beam dump experiment.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
XENON collaboration, Dark Matter Search Results from a One Ton-Year Exposure of XENON1T, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 111302 [arXiv:1805.12562] [INSPIRE].
PandaX-4T collaboration, Dark Matter Search Results from the PandaX-4T Commissioning Run, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 (2021) 261802 [arXiv:2107.13438] [INSPIRE].
XENON collaboration, Constraining the spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections with XENON1T, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 141301 [arXiv:1902.03234] [INSPIRE].
LUX-ZEPLIN collaboration, Projected WIMP sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 052002 [arXiv:1802.06039] [INSPIRE].
M. Pospelov, A. Ritz and M.B. Voloshin, Secluded WIMP Dark Matter, Phys. Lett. B 662 (2008) 53 [arXiv:0711.4866] [INSPIRE].
A. Berlin, D. Hooper and G. Krnjaic, Thermal Dark Matter From A Highly Decoupled Sector, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 095019 [arXiv:1609.02555] [INSPIRE].
K. Griest and D. Seckel, Three exceptions in the calculation of relic abundances, Phys. Rev. D 43 (1991) 3191 [INSPIRE].
S. Tulin, H.-B. Yu and K.M. Zurek, Three Exceptions for Thermal Dark Matter with Enhanced Annihilation to γγ, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 036011 [arXiv:1208.0009] [INSPIRE].
C.B. Jackson, G. Servant, G. Shaughnessy, T.M.P. Tait and M. Taoso, Gamma-ray lines and One-Loop Continuum from s-channel Dark Matter Annihilations, JCAP 07 (2013) 021 [arXiv:1302.1802] [INSPIRE].
C.B. Jackson, G. Servant, G. Shaughnessy, T.M.P. Tait and M. Taoso, Gamma Rays from Top-Mediated Dark Matter Annihilations, JCAP 07 (2013) 006 [arXiv:1303.4717] [INSPIRE].
A. Delgado, A. Martin and N. Raj, Forbidden Dark Matter at the Weak Scale via the Top Portal, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 035002 [arXiv:1608.05345] [INSPIRE].
R.T. D’Agnolo and J.T. Ruderman, Light Dark Matter from Forbidden Channels, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 (2015) 061301 [arXiv:1505.07107] [INSPIRE].
R.T. D’Agnolo, D. Liu, J.T. Ruderman and P.-J. Wang, Forbidden dark matter annihilations into Standard Model particles, JHEP 06 (2021) 103 [arXiv:2012.11766] [INSPIRE].
G.N. Wojcik and T.G. Rizzo, Forbidden scalar dark matter and dark Higgses, JHEP 04 (2022) 033 [arXiv:2109.07369] [INSPIRE].
J. Herms, S. Jana, P.K. Vishnu and S. Saad, Minimal Realization of Light Thermal Dark Matter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129 (2022) 091803 [arXiv:2203.05579] [INSPIRE].
K.-C. Yang, Freeze-out forbidden dark matter in the hidden sector in the mass range from sub-GeV to TeV, JHEP 11 (2022) 083 [arXiv:2209.10827] [INSPIRE].
Y. Liu, X. Liu and B. Zhu, Early kinetic decoupling effect on the forbidden dark matter annihilations into standard model particles, Phys. Rev. D 107 (2023) 115009 [arXiv:2301.12199] [INSPIRE].
A. Aboubrahim, M. Klasen and L.P. Wiggering, Forbidden dark matter annihilation into leptons with full collision terms, JCAP 08 (2023) 075 [arXiv:2306.07753] [INSPIRE].
Y. Cheng, S.-F. Ge, J. Sheng and T.T. Yanagida, Right-handed neutrino dark matter with forbidden annihilation, Phys. Rev. D 107 (2023) 123013 [arXiv:2304.02997] [INSPIRE].
R. Dave, D.N. Spergel, P.J. Steinhardt and B.D. Wandelt, Halo properties in cosmological simulations of selfinteracting cold dark matter, Astrophys. J. 547 (2001) 574 [astro-ph/0006218] [INSPIRE].
M. Vogelsberger, J. Zavala and A. Loeb, Subhaloes in Self-Interacting Galactic Dark Matter Haloes, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 423 (2012) 3740 [arXiv:1201.5892] [INSPIRE].
M. Rocha et al., Cosmological Simulations with Self-Interacting Dark Matter. Part I. Constant Density Cores and Substructure, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 430 (2013) 81 [arXiv:1208.3025] [INSPIRE].
A.H.G. Peter, M. Rocha, J.S. Bullock and M. Kaplinghat, Cosmological Simulations with Self-Interacting Dark Matter. Part II. Halo Shapes vs. Observations, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 430 (2013) 105 [arXiv:1208.3026] [INSPIRE].
J. Zavala, M. Vogelsberger and M.G. Walker, Constraining Self-Interacting Dark Matter with the Milky Way’s dwarf spheroidals, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 431 (2013) L20 [arXiv:1211.6426] [INSPIRE].
E.D. Carlson, M.E. Machacek and L.J. Hall, Self-interacting dark matter, Astrophys. J. 398 (1992) 43 [INSPIRE].
M. Farina, D. Pappadopulo, J.T. Ruderman and G. Trevisan, Phases of Cannibal Dark Matter, JHEP 12 (2016) 039 [arXiv:1607.03108] [INSPIRE].
J.A. Dror, E. Kuflik and W.H. Ng, Codecaying Dark Matter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (2016) 211801 [arXiv:1607.03110] [INSPIRE].
T.R. Slatyer, Indirect dark matter signatures in the cosmic dark ages. Part I. Generalizing the bound on s-wave dark matter annihilation from Planck results, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 023527 [arXiv:1506.03811] [INSPIRE].
T.R. Slatyer, Indirect Dark Matter Signatures in the Cosmic Dark Ages. Part II. Ionization, Heating and Photon Production from Arbitrary Energy Injections, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 023521 [arXiv:1506.03812] [INSPIRE].
K.-C. Yang, Thermodynamic Evolution of Secluded Vector Dark Matter: Conventional WIMPs and Nonconventional WIMPs, JHEP 11 (2019) 048 [arXiv:1905.09582] [INSPIRE].
S. Baek, P. Ko, W.-I. Park and E. Senaha, Higgs Portal Vector Dark Matter: Revisited, JHEP 05 (2013) 036 [arXiv:1212.2131] [INSPIRE].
Particle Data collaboration, Review of Particle Physics, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2022 (2022) 083C01 [INSPIRE].
S. Baek, P. Ko, W.-I. Park and Y. Tang, Indirect and direct signatures of Higgs portal decaying vector dark matter for positron excess in cosmic rays, JCAP 06 (2014) 046 [arXiv:1402.2115] [INSPIRE].
C. Arina, T. Hambye, A. Ibarra and C. Weniger, Intense Gamma-Ray Lines from Hidden Vector Dark Matter Decay, JCAP 03 (2010) 024 [arXiv:0912.4496] [INSPIRE].
M. Gustafsson, T. Hambye and T. Scarna, Effective Theory of Dark Matter Decay into Monochromatic Photons and its Implications: Constraints from Associated Cosmic-Ray Emission, Phys. Lett. B 724 (2013) 288 [arXiv:1303.4423] [INSPIRE].
S. Tulin and H.-B. Yu, Dark Matter Self-interactions and Small Scale Structure, Phys. Rep. 730 (2018) 1 [arXiv:1705.02358] [INSPIRE].
S. Adhikari et al., Astrophysical Tests of Dark Matter Self-Interactions, arXiv:2207.10638 [INSPIRE].
O.D. Elbert, J.S. Bullock, S. Garrison-Kimmel, M. Rocha, J. Oñorbe and A.H.G. Peter, Core formation in dwarf haloes with self-interacting dark matter: no fine-tuning necessary, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 453 (2015) 29 [arXiv:1412.1477] [INSPIRE].
D. Harvey, R. Massey, T. Kitching, A. Taylor and E. Tittley, The non-gravitational interactions of dark matter in colliding galaxy clusters, Science 347 (2015) 1462 [arXiv:1503.07675] [INSPIRE].
M. Bradac et al., Revealing the properties of dark matter in the merging cluster MACSJ0025.4-1222, Astrophys. J. 687 (2008) 959 [arXiv:0806.2320] [INSPIRE].
S.W. Randall, M. Markevitch, D. Clowe, A.H. Gonzalez and M. Bradac, Constraints on the Self-Interaction Cross-Section of Dark Matter from Numerical Simulations of the Merging Galaxy Cluster 1E 0657-56, Astrophys. J. 679 (2008) 1173 [arXiv:0704.0261] [INSPIRE].
T. Ren, A. Kwa, M. Kaplinghat and H.-B. Yu, Reconciling the Diversity and Uniformity of Galactic Rotation Curves with Self-Interacting Dark Matter, Phys. Rev. X 9 (2019) 031020 [arXiv:1808.05695] [INSPIRE].
M. Kaplinghat, S. Tulin and H.-B. Yu, Dark Matter Halos as Particle Colliders: Unified Solution to Small-Scale Structure Puzzles from Dwarfs to Clusters, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (2016) 041302 [arXiv:1508.03339] [INSPIRE].
L. Sagunski, S. Gad-Nasr, B. Colquhoun, A. Robertson and S. Tulin, Velocity-dependent Self-interacting Dark Matter from Groups and Clusters of Galaxies, JCAP 01 (2021) 024 [arXiv:2006.12515] [INSPIRE].
BNL-E949 collaboration, Study of the decay K+ → \( {\pi}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} \) in the momentum region 140 < Pπ < 199 MeV/c, Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 092004 [arXiv:0903.0030] [INSPIRE].
G. Bernardi et al., Search for Neutrino Decay, Phys. Lett. B 166 (1986) 479 [INSPIRE].
G. Bernardi et al., Anomalous Electron Production Observed in the CERN PS Neutrino Beam, Phys. Lett. B 181 (1986) 173 [INSPIRE].
G. Bernardi et al., Further limits on heavy neutrino couplings, Phys. Lett. B 203 (1988) 332 [INSPIRE].
D. Gorbunov, I. Krasnov and S. Suvorov, Constraints on light scalars from PS191 results, Phys. Lett. B 820 (2021) 136524 [arXiv:2105.11102] [INSPIRE].
CHARM collaboration, Search for Axion Like Particle Production in 400 GeV Proton-Copper Interactions, Phys. Lett. B 157 (1985) 458 [INSPIRE].
M.W. Winkler, Decay and detection of a light scalar boson mixing with the Higgs boson, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 015018 [arXiv:1809.01876] [INSPIRE].
L3 collaboration, Search for neutral Higgs boson production through the process e+e− → Z∗H0, Phys. Lett. B 385 (1996) 454 [INSPIRE].
S. Alekhin et al., A facility to Search for Hidden Particles at the CERN SPS: the SHiP physics case, Rept. Prog. Phys. 79 (2016) 124201 [arXiv:1504.04855] [INSPIRE].
SHiP collaboration, The experimental facility for the Search for Hidden Particles at the CERN SPS, 2019 JINST 14 P03025 [arXiv:1810.06880] [INSPIRE].
NA62 collaboration, The Beam and detector of the NA62 experiment at CERN, 2017 JINST 12 P05025 [arXiv:1703.08501] [INSPIRE].
K. Bondarenko, A. Boyarsky, T. Bringmann, M. Hufnagel, K. Schmidt-Hoberg and A. Sokolenko, Direct detection and complementary constraints for sub-GeV dark matter, JHEP 03 (2020) 118 [arXiv:1909.08632] [INSPIRE].
Planck collaboration, Planck 2018 results. Part VI. Cosmological parameters, Astron. Astrophys. 641 (2020) A6 [Erratum ibid. 652 (2021) C4] [arXiv:1807.06209] [INSPIRE].
G. Mangano, G. Miele, S. Pastor, T. Pinto, O. Pisanti and P.D. Serpico, Relic neutrino decoupling including flavor oscillations, Nucl. Phys. B 729 (2005) 221 [hep-ph/0506164] [INSPIRE].
M. Hufnagel, K. Schmidt-Hoberg and S. Wild, BBN constraints on MeV-scale dark sectors. Part II. Electromagnetic decays, JCAP 11 (2018) 032 [arXiv:1808.09324] [INSPIRE].
S. Weinberg, Goldstone Bosons as Fractional Cosmic Neutrinos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 (2013) 241301 [arXiv:1305.1971] [INSPIRE].
Acknowledgments
This work was partly supported by the National Center for Theoretical Sciences and the National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan under grant numbers, MOST 111-2112-M-033-006 and NSTC 112-2112-M-033-007.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2306.17037
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, KC. Self-interacting forbidden dark matter under a cannibally co-decaying phase. J. High Energ. Phys. 2024, 5 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2024)005
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2024)005