Abstract
In this paper, we study the mixed system of boson stars (BSs) with wormholes at their center. The boson star is obtained by employing a complex scalar field without self-interaction or a complex scalar field with quartic self-interaction and the wormhole is obtained by employing a phantom field. Utilizing the numerical method, we successfully obtain both symmetric and asymmetric solutions within the two asymptotically flat regions. The key focus of our study involves the systematic exploration of variations in results by varying the throat parameter η0, and the parameter c, representing the quartic term in potential. In the ground state, we find the mass M and Noether charge Q versus the scalar field frequencies ω are multi-valued curves when the η0 is small or the self-interaction is strong, the multi-valued curves will turn into single-valued curves as η0 or c increases. Furthermore, we observe that asymmetric solutions can transition into symmetric solutions at specific scalar field frequencies ω for certain settings of η0 and c. In addition, when it comes to the excited state, the properties of symmetric solutions remain akin to those in the ground state, while asymmetrical results display different characteristics from the ground state. We also present the wormhole spacetime geometry to investigate the properties of this model.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
J.A. Wheeler, Geons, Phys. Rev. 97 (1955) 511 [INSPIRE].
E.A. Power and J.A. Wheeler, Thermal geons, Rev. Mod. Phys. 29 (1957) 480 [INSPIRE].
D.J. Kaup, Klein-Gordon geon, Phys. Rev. 172 (1968) 1331 [INSPIRE].
R. Ruffini and S. Bonazzola, Systems of selfgravitating particles in general relativity and the concept of an equation of state, Phys. Rev. 187 (1969) 1767 [INSPIRE].
C.A.R. Herdeiro, A.M. Pombo and E. Radu, Asymptotically flat scalar, Dirac and Proca stars: discrete vs. continuous families of solutions, Phys. Lett. B 773 (2017) 654 [arXiv:1708.05674] [INSPIRE].
A.M. Pombo, J.M.S. Oliveira and N.M. Santos, Coupled scalar-Proca soliton stars, Phys. Rev. D 108 (2023) 044044 [arXiv:2304.13749] [INSPIRE].
S.L. Liebling and C. Palenzuela, Dynamical boson stars, Living Rev. Rel. 26 (2023) 1 [arXiv:1202.5809] [INSPIRE].
F. Abe, Gravitational microlensing by the Ellis wormhole, Astrophys. J. 725 (2010) 787 [arXiv:1009.6084] [INSPIRE].
Y. Toki, T. Kitamura, H. Asada and F. Abe, Astrometric image centroid displacements due to gravitational microlensing by the Ellis wormhole, Astrophys. J. 740 (2011) 121 [arXiv:1107.5374] [INSPIRE].
R. Takahashi and H. Asada, Observational upper bound on the cosmic abundances of negative-mass compact objects and Ellis wormholes from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasar lens search, Astrophys. J. Lett. 768 (2013) L16 [arXiv:1303.1301] [INSPIRE].
P. Kanti, B. Kleihaus and J. Kunz, Wormholes in dilatonic Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 (2011) 271101 [arXiv:1108.3003] [INSPIRE].
P. Kanti, B. Kleihaus and J. Kunz, Stable Lorentzian wormholes in dilatonic Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory, Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 044007 [arXiv:1111.4049] [INSPIRE].
V. De Falco, E. Battista, S. Capozziello and M. De Laurentis, Testing wormhole solutions in extended gravity through the Poynting-Robertson effect, Phys. Rev. D 103 (2021) 044007 [arXiv:2101.04960] [INSPIRE].
V. De Falco, E. Battista, S. Capozziello and M. De Laurentis, General relativistic Poynting-Robertson effect to diagnose wormholes existence: static and spherically symmetric case, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 104037 [arXiv:2004.14849] [INSPIRE].
V. De Falco, E. Battista, S. Capozziello and M. De Laurentis, Reconstructing wormhole solutions in curvature based extended theories of gravity, Eur. Phys. J. C 81 (2021) 157 [arXiv:2102.01123] [INSPIRE].
V. De Falco, M. De Laurentis and S. Capozziello, Epicyclic frequencies in static and spherically symmetric wormhole geometries, Phys. Rev. D 104 (2021) 024053 [arXiv:2106.12564] [INSPIRE].
E. Charalampidis, T. Ioannidou, B. Kleihaus and J. Kunz, Wormholes threaded by chiral fields, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 084069 [arXiv:1302.5560] [INSPIRE].
V. Dzhunushaliev, V. Folomeev, B. Kleihaus and J. Kunz, Mixed neutron-star-plus-wormhole systems: rotating configurations, Phys. Rev. D 107 (2023) 044060 [arXiv:2210.04425] [INSPIRE].
H.G. Ellis, Ether flow through a drainhole — a particle model in general relativity, J. Math. Phys. 14 (1973) 104 [INSPIRE].
H.G. Ellis, The evolving, flowless drain hole: a nongravitating particle model in general relativity theory, Gen. Rel. Grav. 10 (1979) 105 [INSPIRE].
K.A. Bronnikov, Scalar-tensor theory and scalar charge, Acta Phys. Polon. B 4 (1973) 251 [INSPIRE].
M.S. Morris and K.S. Thorne, Wormholes in space-time and their use for interstellar travel: a tool for teaching general relativity, Am. J. Phys. 56 (1988) 395 [INSPIRE].
M.S. Morris, K.S. Thorne and U. Yurtsever, Wormholes, time machines, and the weak energy condition, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 (1988) 1446 [INSPIRE].
F.S.N. Lobo, Phantom energy traversable wormholes, Phys. Rev. D 71 (2005) 084011 [gr-qc/0502099] [INSPIRE].
V. Sahni and L.-M. Wang, A new cosmological model of quintessence and dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 62 (2000) 103517 [astro-ph/9910097] [INSPIRE].
T. Matos and L.A. Urena-Lopez, Quintessence and scalar dark matter in the universe, Class. Quant. Grav. 17 (2000) L75 [astro-ph/0004332] [INSPIRE].
W. Hu, R. Barkana and A. Gruzinov, Cold and fuzzy dark matter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 1158 [astro-ph/0003365] [INSPIRE].
A. Suárez, V.H. Robles and T. Matos, A review on the scalar field/Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter model, Astrophys. Space Sci. Proc. 38 (2014) 107 [arXiv:1302.0903] [INSPIRE].
L. Hui, J.P. Ostriker, S. Tremaine and E. Witten, Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 043541 [arXiv:1610.08297] [INSPIRE].
L.E. Padilla, J.A. Vázquez, T. Matos and G. Germán, Scalar field dark matter spectator during inflation: the effect of self-interaction, JCAP 05 (2019) 056 [arXiv:1901.00947] [INSPIRE].
M. Colpi, S.L. Shapiro and I. Wasserman, Boson stars: gravitational equilibria of selfinteracting scalar fields, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 (1986) 2485 [INSPIRE].
E.W. Mielke and R. Scherzer, Geon type solutions of the nonlinear Heisenberg-Klein-Gordon equation, Phys. Rev. D 24 (1981) 2111 [INSPIRE].
F. Kling and A. Rajaraman, Profiles of boson stars with self-interactions, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 063012 [arXiv:1712.06539] [INSPIRE].
C.A.R. Herdeiro and E. Radu, Asymptotically flat, spherical, self-interacting scalar, Dirac and Proca stars, Symmetry 12 (2020) 2032 [arXiv:2012.03595] [INSPIRE].
R. Harrison, I. Moroz and K.P. Tod, A numerical study of the Schrödinger-Newton equations, Nonlinearity 16 (2003) 101.
V. Dzhunushaliev et al., Boson stars with nontrivial topology, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 124038 [arXiv:1409.6978] [INSPIRE].
C. Hoffmann et al., Spontaneous symmetry breaking in wormholes spacetimes with matter, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 084010 [arXiv:1703.03344] [INSPIRE].
C. Hoffmann et al., Symmetric and asymmetric wormholes immersed in rotating matter, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 124019 [arXiv:1803.11044] [INSPIRE].
N. Sanchis-Gual, C. Herdeiro and E. Radu, Self-interactions can stabilize excited boson stars, Class. Quant. Grav. 39 (2022) 064001 [arXiv:2110.03000] [INSPIRE].
R.M. Wald, General relativity, Chicago University Press, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. (1984) [https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226870373.001.0001] [INSPIRE].
Y. Yue, P.-B. Ding and Y.-Q. Wang, Boson star with parity-odd symmetry in wormhole spacetime, Eur. Phys. J. C 83 (2023) 732 [arXiv:2305.04496] [INSPIRE].
Acknowledgments
YQW is supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFC2201503) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12275110 and 12247101).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2305.19819
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Ding, PB., Ma, TX., Fang, TF. et al. Study of boson stars with wormhole. J. High Energ. Phys. 2024, 33 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2024)033
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2024)033