Abstract
We explore the effective theory of an axion in a gauged baryon number symmetry extension of the Standard Model (SM), where the axion is realized from a Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky (DFSZ) model construction. Integrating out the anomalons realizes a pattern of effective Wilson coefficients reflecting the factorization between the anomalous Peccei-Quinn and gauged baryon number symmetries. We construct and analyze the chiral transformation invariance of the axion effective theory, accounting for possible flavor-violating axion couplings. We calculate and study the unique phenomenology of the axion and Z′ boson, and we present the current collider limits on these particles in the \( \left\{{m}_{Z^{\prime }},{g}_B\right\} \), {ma, Gaγγ}, and \( \left\{{m}_a,{f}_a^{-1}\right\} \) planes.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
R.D. Peccei and H.R. Quinn, CP Conservation in the Presence of Instantons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38 (1977) 1440 [INSPIRE].
R.D. Peccei and H.R. Quinn, Constraints Imposed by CP Conservation in the Presence of Instantons, Phys. Rev. D 16 (1977) 1791 [INSPIRE].
S. Weinberg, A New Light Boson?, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 (1978) 223 [INSPIRE].
F. Wilczek, Problem of Strong P and T Invariance in the Presence of Instantons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 (1978) 279 [INSPIRE].
J.E. Kim, Weak Interaction Singlet and Strong CP Invariance, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43 (1979) 103 [INSPIRE].
M.A. Shifman, A.I. Vainshtein and V.I. Zakharov, Can Confinement Ensure Natural CP Invariance of Strong Interactions?, Nucl. Phys. B 166 (1980) 493 [INSPIRE].
A.R. Zhitnitsky, On Possible Suppression of the Axion Hadron Interactions (in Russian), Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 31 (1980) 260 [INSPIRE].
M. Dine, W. Fischler and M. Srednicki, A Simple Solution to the Strong CP Problem with a Harmless Axion, Phys. Lett. B 104 (1981) 199 [INSPIRE].
C.A. Baker et al., An Improved experimental limit on the electric dipole moment of the neutron, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 131801 [hep-ex/0602020] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Pendlebury et al., Revised experimental upper limit on the electric dipole moment of the neutron, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 092003 [arXiv:1509.04411] [INSPIRE].
Particle Data Group collaboration, Review of Particle Physics, PTEP 2020 (2020) 083C01 [INSPIRE].
C.D. Carone and H. Murayama, Possible light U(1) gauge boson coupled to baryon number, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995) 3122 [hep-ph/9411256] [INSPIRE].
C.D. Carone and H. Murayama, Realistic models with a light U(1) gauge boson coupled to baryon number, Phys. Rev. D 52 (1995) 484 [hep-ph/9501220] [INSPIRE].
P. Fileviez Perez and M.B. Wise, Baryon and lepton number as local gauge symmetries, Phys. Rev. D 82 (2010) 011901 [Erratum ibid. 82 (2010) 079901] [arXiv:1002.1754] [INSPIRE].
P. Fileviez Perez and M.B. Wise, Breaking Local Baryon and Lepton Number at the TeV Scale, JHEP 08 (2011) 068 [arXiv:1106.0343] [INSPIRE].
M. Duerr, P. Fileviez Perez and M.B. Wise, Gauge Theory for Baryon and Lepton Numbers with Leptoquarks, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 (2013) 231801 [arXiv:1304.0576] [INSPIRE].
B.A. Dobrescu and F. Yu, Coupling-Mass Mapping of Dijet Peak Searches, Phys. Rev. D 88 (2013) 035021 [Erratum ibid. 90 (2014) 079901] [arXiv:1306.2629] [INSPIRE].
B.A. Dobrescu and C. Frugiuele, Hidden GeV-scale interactions of quarks, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (2014) 061801 [arXiv:1404.3947] [INSPIRE].
L. Michaels and F. Yu, Probing new U(1) gauge symmetries via exotic Z → Z′γ decays, JHEP 03 (2021) 120 [arXiv:2010.00021] [INSPIRE].
B.A. Dobrescu and F. Yu, Dijet and electroweak limits on a Z′ boson coupled to quarks, arXiv:2112.05392 [MITP-17-048] [INSPIRE].
Y.-C. Qiu, J.-W. Wang and T.T. Yanagida, High-quality axions in a class of chiral U(1) gauge theories, arXiv:2301.02345 [INSPIRE].
K. Mimasu and V. Sanz, ALPs at Colliders, JHEP 06 (2015) 173 [arXiv:1409.4792] [INSPIRE].
J. Jaeckel and M. Spannowsky, Probing MeV to 90 GeV axion-like particles with LEP and LHC, Phys. Lett. B 753 (2016) 482 [arXiv:1509.00476] [INSPIRE].
S. Knapen, T. Lin, H.K. Lou and T. Melia, Searching for Axionlike Particles with Ultraperipheral Heavy-Ion Collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 171801 [arXiv:1607.06083] [INSPIRE].
E. Izaguirre, T. Lin and B. Shuve, Searching for Axionlike Particles in Flavor-Changing Neutral Current Processes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 111802 [arXiv:1611.09355] [INSPIRE].
I. Brivio et al., ALPs Effective Field Theory and Collider Signatures, Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 572 [arXiv:1701.05379] [INSPIRE].
M. Bauer, M. Neubert and A. Thamm, LHC as an Axion Factory: Probing an Axion Explanation for (g – 2)μ with Exotic Higgs Decays, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 031802 [arXiv:1704.08207] [INSPIRE].
M. Bauer, M. Neubert and A. Thamm, Collider Probes of Axion-Like Particles, JHEP 12 (2017) 044 [arXiv:1708.00443] [INSPIRE].
M. Bauer, M. Heiles, M. Neubert and A. Thamm, Axion-Like Particles at Future Colliders, Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 74 [arXiv:1808.10323] [INSPIRE].
J. Quevillon and C. Smith, Axions are blind to anomalies, Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 822 [arXiv:1903.12559] [INSPIRE].
M.B. Gavela, J.M. No, V. Sanz and J.F. de Trocóniz, Nonresonant Searches for Axionlike Particles at the LHC, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 (2020) 051802 [arXiv:1905.12953] [INSPIRE].
M. Bauer et al., Axionlike Particles, Lepton-Flavor Violation, and a New Explanation of aμ and ae, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 (2020) 211803 [arXiv:1908.00008] [INSPIRE].
L. Di Luzio, M. Giannotti, E. Nardi and L. Visinelli, The landscape of QCD axion models, Phys. Rept. 870 (2020) 1 [arXiv:2003.01100] [INSPIRE].
M. Bauer et al., The Low-Energy Effective Theory of Axions and ALPs, JHEP 04 (2021) 063 [arXiv:2012.12272] [INSPIRE].
A.M. Galda, M. Neubert and S. Renner, ALP — SMEFT interference, JHEP 06 (2021) 135 [arXiv:2105.01078] [INSPIRE].
J. Bonilla, I. Brivio, M.B. Gavela and V. Sanz, One-loop corrections to ALP couplings, JHEP 11 (2021) 168 [arXiv:2107.11392] [INSPIRE].
M. Bauer et al., Flavor probes of axion-like particles, JHEP 09 (2022) 056 [arXiv:2110.10698] [INSPIRE].
P. Agrawal and K. Howe, Factoring the Strong CP Problem, JHEP 12 (2018) 029 [arXiv:1710.04213] [INSPIRE].
P. Agrawal and K. Howe, A Flavorful Factoring of the Strong CP Problem, JHEP 12 (2018) 035 [arXiv:1712.05803] [INSPIRE].
M.K. Gaillard et al., Color unified dynamical axion, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 972 [arXiv:1805.06465] [INSPIRE].
A. Kivel, J. Laux and F. Yu, Supersizing axions with small size instantons, JHEP 11 (2022) 088 [arXiv:2207.08740] [INSPIRE].
F. Elahi, G. Elor, A. Kivel, J. Laux, S. Najjari and F. Yu, A Lighter QCD Axion from Anarchy, arXiv:2301.08760 [INSPIRE].
G. Grilli di Cortona, E. Hardy, J. Pardo Vega and G. Villadoro, The QCD axion, precisely, JHEP 01 (2016) 034 [arXiv:1511.02867] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, A detailed map of Higgs boson interactions by the ATLAS experiment ten years after the discovery, Nature 607 (2022) 52 [Erratum ibid. 612 (2022) E24] [arXiv:2207.00092] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, A portrait of the Higgs boson by the CMS experiment ten years after the discovery, Nature 607 (2022) 60 [arXiv:2207.00043] [INSPIRE].
J. Liu, X.-P. Wang and F. Yu, A Tale of Two Portals: Testing Light, Hidden New Physics at Future e+e− Colliders, JHEP 06 (2017) 077 [arXiv:1704.00730] [INSPIRE].
H. Georgi, D.B. Kaplan and L. Randall, Manifesting the Invisible Axion at Low-energies, Phys. Lett. B 169 (1986) 73 [INSPIRE].
K. Fujikawa, Path Integral Measure for Gauge Invariant Fermion Theories, Phys. Rev. Lett. 42 (1979) 1195 [INSPIRE].
G. Passarino and M.J.G. Veltman, One Loop Corrections for e+ e- Annihilation Into mu+ mu- in the Weinberg Model, Nucl. Phys. B 160 (1979) 151 [INSPIRE].
M. Bauer, M. Neubert and A. Thamm, Analyzing the CP Nature of a New Scalar Particle via S → Zh Decay, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (2016) 181801 [arXiv:1610.00009] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for resonances in diphoton events at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, JHEP 09 (2016) 001 [arXiv:1606.03833] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for narrow Hγ resonances in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 081804 [arXiv:1808.01257] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for heavy resonances decaying into two Higgs bosons or into a Higgs boson and a W or Z boson in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV, JHEP 01 (2019) 051 [arXiv:1808.01365] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for diboson resonances in hadronic final states in 139 fb−1 of pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, JHEP 09 (2019) 091 [Erratum ibid. 06 (2020) 042] [arXiv:1906.08589] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, A search for new resonances in multiple final states with a high transverse momentum Z boson in \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector, arXiv:2209.15345 [CERN-EP-2022-180] [INSPIRE].
J. Alwall et al., The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations, JHEP 07 (2014) 079 [arXiv:1405.0301] [INSPIRE].
L3 collaboration, Search for heavy neutral and charged leptons in e+e− annihilation at LEP, Phys. Lett. B 517 (2001) 75 [hep-ex/0107015] [INSPIRE].
ALEPH collaboration, Search for charginos nearly mass degenerate with the lightest neutralino in e+ e- collisions at center-of-mass energies up to 209-GeV, Phys. Lett. B 533 (2002) 223 [hep-ex/0203020] [INSPIRE].
C. Balázs et al., Cosmological constraints on decaying axion-like particles: a global analysis, JCAP 12 (2022) 027 [arXiv:2205.13549] [INSPIRE].
D. Cadamuro and J. Redondo, Cosmological bounds on pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons, JCAP 02 (2012) 032 [arXiv:1110.2895] [INSPIRE].
A. Caputo, G. Raffelt and E. Vitagliano, Muonic boson limits: Supernova redux, Phys. Rev. D 105 (2022) 035022 [arXiv:2109.03244] [INSPIRE].
A. Caputo, H.-T. Janka, G. Raffelt and E. Vitagliano, Low-Energy Supernovae Severely Constrain Radiative Particle Decays, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 (2022) 221103 [arXiv:2201.09890] [INSPIRE].
J. Jaeckel, P.C. Malta and J. Redondo, Decay photons from the axionlike particles burst of type II supernovae, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 055032 [arXiv:1702.02964] [INSPIRE].
P.F. Depta, M. Hufnagel and K. Schmidt-Hoberg, Robust cosmological constraints on axion-like particles, JCAP 05 (2020) 009 [arXiv:2002.08370] [INSPIRE].
PrimEx collaboration, A New Measurement of the π0 Radiative Decay Width, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011) 162303 [arXiv:1009.1681] [INSPIRE].
NA64 collaboration, Search for Axionlike and Scalar Particles with the NA64 Experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 (2020) 081801 [arXiv:2005.02710] [INSPIRE].
J. Blumlein et al., Limits on neutral light scalar and pseudoscalar particles in a proton beam dump experiment, Z. Phys. C 51 (1991) 341 [INSPIRE].
E.M. Riordan et al., A Search for Short Lived Axions in an Electron Beam Dump Experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 (1987) 755 [INSPIRE].
B. Döbrich, J. Jaeckel and T. Spadaro, Light in the beam dump — ALP production from decay photons in proton beam-dumps, JHEP 05 (2019) 213 [Erratum ibid. 10 (2020) 046] [arXiv:1904.02091] [INSPIRE].
CHARM collaboration, Search for Axion Like Particle Production in 400-GeV Proton-Copper Interactions, Phys. Lett. B 157 (1985) 458 [INSPIRE].
BESIII collaboration, Search for an axion-like particle in radiative J/ψ decays, Phys. Lett. B 838 (2023) 137698 [arXiv:2211.12699] [INSPIRE].
M.J. Dolan et al., Revised constraints and Belle II sensitivity for visible and invisible axion-like particles, JHEP 12 (2017) 094 [Erratum ibid. 03 (2021) 190] [arXiv:1709.00009] [INSPIRE].
Belle-II collaboration, Search for Axion-Like Particles produced in e+e− collisions at Belle II, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 (2020) 161806 [arXiv:2007.13071] [INSPIRE].
J. Jaeckel, M. Jankowiak and M. Spannowsky, LHC probes the hidden sector, Phys. Dark Univ. 2 (2013) 111 [arXiv:1212.3620] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Measurement of light-by-light scattering and search for axion-like particles with 2.2 nb−1 of Pb+Pb data with the ATLAS detector, JHEP 03 (2021) 243 [Erratum ibid. 11 (2021) 050] [arXiv:2008.05355] [INSPIRE].
J. Jaeckel and A. Ringwald, The Low-Energy Frontier of Particle Physics, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 60 (2010) 405 [arXiv:1002.0329] [INSPIRE].
J.L. Hewett et al., Fundamental Physics at the Intensity Frontier, (2012) [https://doi.org/10.2172/1042577] [INSPIRE].
J.E. Kim, A composite invisible axion, Phys. Rev. D 31 (1985) 1733 [INSPIRE].
K. Choi and J.E. Kim, Dynamical axion, Phys. Rev. D 32 (1985) 1828 [INSPIRE].
L. Randall, Composite axion models and Planck scale physics, Phys. Lett. B 284 (1992) 77 [INSPIRE].
V.A. Rubakov, Grand unification and heavy axion, JETP Lett. 65 (1997) 621 [hep-ph/9703409] [INSPIRE].
K.-W. Choi, A QCD axion from higher dimensional gauge field, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 101602 [hep-ph/0308024] [INSPIRE].
P. Svrcek and E. Witten, Axions In String Theory, JHEP 06 (2006) 051 [hep-th/0605206] [INSPIRE].
M. Carena and Z. Liu, Challenges and opportunities for heavy scalar searches in the \( t\overline{t} \) channel at the LHC, JHEP 11 (2016) 159 [arXiv:1608.07282] [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2211.12155
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Kivel, A., Laux, J. & Yu, F. Axion couplings in gauged U(1)′ extensions of the Standard Model. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 78 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2023)078
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2023)078