Skip to main content
Log in

‘But you said this...’: Students’ management of disagreement within a dialogic approach to literacy instruction

  • Published:
The Australian Journal of Language and Literacy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Proponents of dialogic teaching argue for changes to classroom interaction to promote student language use and higher-order thinking. An under-researched aspect of dialogic approaches is the way students initiate and manage disagreement during their talk with each other. This article examines interaction in whole-class talk during a literacy lesson in a Grade 5/6 classroom, focusing on the ways students disagreed with each other during discussion of a controversial topic and visual text. Conversation analysis delineates methods used by students to disagree with the perspectives of some students and align with others, and to diffuse disputes that sometimes arose out of disagreements. Methods discerned in the analysis include quoting previous talk of a student and formulating prior thoughts, aligning and dis-aligning with others using words and gestures, and use of laughter to respond to marked verbal and non-verbal displays of opposition. Discussion considers how students made use of interactional practices found in disagreements in ordinary conversations and in more formal argumentation, how their interpretive work informed the literacy lesson and interactions with each other in this multi-party setting, and how the teacher’s action research project promoted opportunities for students to try out more academic and institutional ways of engaging in disagreement.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alexander, R. (2010). Speaking but not listening. Accountable talk in an unaccountable context. Literacy, 44(3), 103–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antaki, C., & Leudar, I. (2001). Recruiting the record: Using opponents’ exact words in parliamentary argumentation. Text, 21(4), 467–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, M., & Heritage, J. (1999). Jefferson’s transcript notation. In A. Jaworski & N. Coupland (Eds.), The discourse reader, (pp. 158–166). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, C.D., & Freebody, P. (1993). The crediting of literate competence in classroom talk. Australian journal of Language and Literacy, 4, 279–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, D. (2008). Exploratory talk for learning. In N. Mercer & S. Hodgkinson (Eds.), Exploring talk in school (pp. 1–16). London; Thousand Oaks, CA: New Delhi; Singapore: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, D. (2010). Why talk is important. English Teaching: Practice and Critique, 9(2), 7–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A.C. (2016). Classroom community and discourse. How argumentation emerges during a Socratic Circle. Dialogic Pedagogy. An International Online Journal, 4, 81–97. doi:10.5195/dpj.2016.160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, C. (2012). When ’yes’ turns to ’no’: Young children’s disputes during computer game playing at home. In S. Danby & M. Theobald (Eds.). Disputes in everyday life: The social and moral orders of children and young people (pp. 355–376). Bingley, UK: American Sociological Association & Emerald.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards-Groves, C., & Davidson, C. (2017). Becoming a meaning maker: Talk and interaction in the dialogic classroom. Newtown: Primary English Teaching Association Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in ethnomethodology. Engle-wood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, M. (1990). He-said-she-said: Talk as social organization among Black children. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, M.H. (1980). He-said-she-said. Formal cultural procedures for the construction of a gossip dispute activity. American Ethnologist, 7(4), 674–695.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haddington, P. (2006). Identity and stance taking in news interviews: A case study. In I. Lassem, J. Strunck, & T. Vestergaard (Eds.), Mediating ideology in text and image: Ten critical studies (pp. 69–95). Philadelphia, PE: John Benjamins.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hester, S., & Francis, D. (1997). Reality analysis in a classroom storytelling. British Journal of Sociology, 48(1), 96–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hester, S., & Hester, S. (2010). Conversational actions and category relations: An analysis of a children’s argument. Discourse Studies, 12(1), 33–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holt, E. (1996). Reporting on talk: The use of direct reported speech in conversation. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 29(3), 219–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The action research planner. Doing critical participatory action research. Singapore: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Maynard, D.W. (1985). On the functions of social conflict among children. American Sociological Review, 50(2), 207–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maynard, D.W. (1986). Offering and soliciting collaboration in multi-party disputes among children (and other humans. Human Studies, 9(2-3), 261–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McHoul, A.W. (1978). The organization of turns at formal talk in the classroom. Language in Society, 7, 183–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, N. (1996). The quality of talk in children’s collaborative activity in the classroom. Learning and Instruction, 6(4), 359–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, N. (2009). Developing argumentation: Lessons learned in the primary school. In N.M. Mirza & A.-N. Perret-Clermont (Eds.), Argumentation and education: Theoretical foundations and practices (pp. 177–194). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Michaels, S., O’Connor, C., & Resnick, L.B. (2008). Deliberative discourse idealized and realized: Accountable talk in the classroom and civic life. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 27(4), 283–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mondada, L. (2012). Embodied and spatial resources for turn-taking in institutional multi-party interactions: Participatory democracy debates. Journal of Pragmatics, 46, 39–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newman, R. (2016). Working talk: Developing a framework for the teaching of collaborative talk. Research Papers in Education, 31(1), 107–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, C., & Michaels, S. (2007). When is dialogue ’dialogic’? Human Development, 50, 275–285. doi:10.1159/000106415.

  • Osbourne, J., Simons, S., Christodoulou, A., & Howell-Richardson, C. (2013). Learning to argue: A study of four schools and their attempt to develop the use of argumentation as a common institutional practice and its impact on students. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 50(3), 315–347. doi:10.1002/tea.21073.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pomerantz, A. (2000). Extreme case formulations: A way of legitimating claims. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 33(4), 347–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reznitskaya, A., & Glina, M. (2013). Comparing student experiences with story discussions in dialogic versus traditional settings. The Journal of Educational Research, 106, 49–63. doi:10.1080/00220671.2012.658458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reznitskaya, A., Glina, M., Carolan, B., Michaud, O., Rogers, J., & Sequeira, L. (2012). Examining transfer effects from dialogic discussions to new tasks and contexts. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 32, 288–306. doi:10.1016/j. cedpsych.2012.02.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reznitskaya, A., & Gregory, M. (2013). Student thought and classroom language: Examining the mechanisms of change in dialogic teaching. Educational Psychologist, 48(2), 114–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sacks, H. (1995). Lectures on conversation/Harvey Sacks; Edited by Gail Jefferson; with an introduction by Emanuel A. Schegloff Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacks, H., Schegloff, E.A., & Jefferson, G. (1974). A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language, SO, 696–735.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schegloff, E.A. (1992). On talk and its institutional occasions. In P. Drew & J. Heritage (Eds.), Talk at work: Interaction in institutional settings, (pp. 101–34). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schegloff, E.A., Jefferson, G., & Sacks, H. (1977). The preference for self-correction in the organization of repair in conversation. Language, 53, 361–382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schegloff, E.A., & Sacks, H. (1973). Opening up closings. Semiotica, 8, 289–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skidmore, D. (2000). From pedagogical dialogue to dialog-ical pedagogy. Language and Education, 14(4), 283–296. doi: 10.1080/09500780008666794.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sohmer, R., Michaels, S., O’Connor, M.C., & Resnick, L.B. (2009). Guided construction of knowledge in the classroom: Teacher, talk, task, and tools. In B. Schwarz, T. Dreyfus, & R. Hershkowitz (Eds.), Transformation of knowledge through classroom interaction (pp. 105–129). London, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teo, P. (2013). ’Stretch your answers’: Opening the dialogic space in teaching and learning. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 2, 91–101. doi.org/10.1016/j. lcsi.2013.02.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Davidson, C., Edwards-Groves, C. ‘But you said this...’: Students’ management of disagreement within a dialogic approach to literacy instruction. AJLL 41, 190–200 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03652019

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03652019

Navigation