Abstract
In this study, the effects of wollastonite and mica powder used at different ratios as filler in NR/SBR type elastomer based rubber were examined in terms of its mechanical properties. Natural rubber (NR/RSS3) and styrene butadiene rubber were used as main matrix material in the experiments. While adhering to the same compound, various amounts of wollastonite (FW 325) and mica powder (Mica SMW 375) were added to the carbon black (HAF N330) and six different compounds were prepared. Properties of the compounds such as tensile strength, elongation at break, abrasion, and hardness were analysed and the test results were compared to each other. In addition, SEM images of the abraded surfaces were evaluated and a brief cost analysis was realised. It is concluded that hardness, density and abrasion loss increased while elongation at break, tensile strength, fatigue resistance and unit cost decreased when the amount of wollastonite and mica powder was increased in the compounds.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
SATRA (1994) Rubber, Footwear Open Tech. London: Satra Footwear Technology Center, Module 31.
AKÇAKALE, N. (2008) Investigation of the Effect of Some Additives on the Mechanical Properties of NR/SBR Elastomer Based Sole Materials. [PhD Thesis] Adapazan, Turkey Sakarya University.
JONES, K. AND TINKER, A. (1997) Blends of Natural Rubber, London: Novel Techniques for Blending with Specialty Polymers. London: Chapman & Hall
VISCONTE, L.L.Y., MARTINS, A.F., SUAREZ, J.C.M. AND NUNES, R.C.R. (2004) Different Preparative Modes for the Incorporation of Additives in NR/SBR Blends. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 93(2), 483–489.
SHUNDO, M., IMOTO, M. AND MINOURA, Y. (1966) Studies on Polymer Blends: Blending Methods for Natural Rubber and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 10(6), 939–953.
ABDUL, K.M. AND BHOWMICK, A.K. (2003) Effect of Filler on the Mechanical, Dynamic Mechanical and Ageing Properties of Binary and Ternary Blends of Acrylic Rubber, Fluorocarbon Rubber and Polyacrylate. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 90(1), 278–86.
BULBUL Ş. (2014) The Effect of Various Inorganic and Organic Fillers on the Mechanical Properties of NR-SBR Type Elastomer Materials. [PhD Thesis] Karabuk, Turkey: Karabuk University.
PARK, S.J. AND CHO, K.S. (2003) Filler-Elastomer Interactions: Influence of Silane Coupling Agent on Crosslink Density and Thermal Stability of Silk/Rubber Composites. J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 267(1), 86–91.
AKÇAKALE, N., DEMİRER, A. AND OZSERT, I. (2009) Shoe Outsole Used NR/SBR Type Elastomers Based Material Effect of Mechanical Properties of Glass Ball and Mica Powder. Turkey: International Advanced Technologies Symposium (IATS’11), 16–18 May. Elazig., 5, 311–316.
MOHAN, T.P., KURIAKOSE, J. AND KANNY, K. (2012) Water Uptake And Mechanical Properties Of Natural Rubber-Styrene Butadiene Rubber (NR-SBR)-Nanoclay Composites. J. Indust. Eng. Chem., 18(3), 979–985.
Bülbül, Ş., YaşaR, M. AND AKÇAKALE, N. (2014) The Effect of Changing of Filling Materials in NR-SBR Type Elastomer Based Rubber Materials on Mechanical Properties. Polym. (Korea), 38(5), 664–670.
SITI, S.S., KAEWSAKUL, W., SAHAKARO, K. DIERKES, W.K. AND NOORDERMEER, J.W.M. (2015) A Review on Reinforcement of Natural Rubber by Silica Fillers for Use in Low-Rolling Resistance Tyres. J. Rubb. Res., 18(4), 203–233.
SARAMOLEE, P., SAHAKARO, K., LOPATTANANON, N., DIERKES, W.K. AND NOORDERMEER, J.W.M. (2016) Compatibilisation of Silica-Filled Natural Rubber Compounds by Functionalised Low Molecular Weight Polymer. J. Rubb. Res., 19(1), 28–42.
FURTADO, C.R.G., LEBLANC, J.L. AND NUNES, R.C.R. (1999) Fatigue Resistance of Mica-Carbon Black Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Compounds. Eur. Polym. J., 35, 1319–1325.
FURTADO, C.R.G., LEBLANC, J.L. AND NUNES, R.C.R. (2000) Mica as Additional Filler in SBR-Silica Compounds. Eur. Polym. J., 36(8), 1717–1723.
JOLENE, F.S. AND NUNES, R.C.R (eds) (2000) Rheological Brazil: Behavior of Mineral Fillers in Shoe Soles Composites. Rio: University Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
EL-NASHAR, D.E., YOUSSEF, E.A.M. AND ABDEL-GHAFFAR, M.A. (2010) Modified Phosphate Pigments as High Performance Reinforcing Materials for Rubber Vulcanisates. Mater. Design, 31(3), 1350–1359.
SAVAŞCI, O.T. AND UYANIK, N. (1998) (eds) Plastics and Plastic Technology. İstanbul: Cantay Publishing.
FLEGLER, S.L. AND HECKMAN, J.W., (1993) Klomparens, K.L, an Introduction. Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy. London: Oxford University Press.
HONG, C.K., KIM, H., RYU, C., NAH, C., HUH, Y. AND KAANG, S. (2007) Effects of Particle Size and Structure of Carbon Blacks on the Abrasion of Filled Elastomer Compounds. J. Mater. Sci., 42(20), 8391–8399.
BLOW, C.M. (1971) Rubber Technology and Manufacture London: Butterworths, 178.
LAUDAUCE-STELANDRE, L., BOMAL, Y., FLANDIN, L. AND LABARRE, D. (2003) Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Precipitated Silica Filled Rubber: Influence of Morphology and Coupling Agent. Rubb. Chem. Technol., 76(1), 145–159.
POH, B.T. AND AHMAD, L. (2016) Effect of Silica Filler on Viscosity and Adhesion Properties of Natural Rubber Based Adhesive. J. Rubb. Res., 19(1), 19–27.
SAKULKAEW, K., THOMAS, A.G. AND BUSFIELD, J.J.C. (2011) The Effect of the Rate of Strain on Tearing in Rubber. Polym. Test., 30(2), 163–172.
MOSTAFA, A., ABOUEL-KASEM, A., BAYOUMI, M.R. AND EL-SEBAIE, M.G. (2008) Effect of Carbon Black Loading on the Swelling and Compression Set Behavior of SBR and NBR Rubber Compounds. Mater. Design, 30(5), 1561–1568.
LOW, K.O. AND TEO, W.C. (2012) Characteristics of SBR, Neoprene and EPDM Compounds in a Single-Pass Pendulum Scratch. Tribology Int. 54, 9–16.
EL-NASHAR, D.E., AHMED, N.M. AND YEHIA, A.A. (2012) The Role Of ion-Exchange Bentonites in Changing the Properties of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites. Mater. Design, 34, 137–142.
AHMED, N.M. AND EL-NASHAR, D.E. (2013) The Effect of Zinc Oxide-Phosphate Core-Shell Pigments on the Properties of Blend Rubber Composites. Mater. Design, 44, 1–11.
PAL, K., PAL, S.K., DAS, C.K. AND KIM J.K. (2012) Effect of Fillers on Morphological and Wear Characteristics of NR/HSR Blends with F-glass Fiber. Mater. Design, 35, 863–872.
DE, D., PANDA, P.K., ROY, M. AND BHUNIA S. (2013) Reinforcing Effect of Reclaim Rubber on Natural Rubber/Polybutadiene Rubber Blends. Mater. Design, 46, 142–150.
MALAS, A., PAL, P. AND DAS, C.K. (2014) Effect of Expanded Graphite and Modified Graphite Flakes on the Physical and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Polybutadiene Rubber (SBR/BR) Blends. Mater. Design, 55, 664–673.
FİNDİK, F., YILMAZ, R. AND KÖKSAL, T. (2004) Investigation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Several Industrial Rubbers. Mater. Design, 25(4), 269–276.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Akçakale, N., Bülbül, Ş. The Effect of Mica Powder and Wollastonite Fillings on the Mechanical Properties of NR/SBR Type Elastomer Compounds. J Rubber Res 20, 157–167 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03449149
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03449149