Skip to main content
Log in

How Relationship Norms Affect Consumers’ Stance on Differential Customer Treatment

  • Differential Treatment
  • Published:
Schmalenbach Business Review Aims and scope

Abstract

We examine how the diferent ways in which corporations present themselves in mass marketing affect consumers’ stance on differential customer treatment (i.e., service aligned to customer profitability). We show that when the service provider presents itself as the consumers’friend, consumers expect differential customer treatment to a lesser extent than do consumers who are treated as the service provider’s business partner. Nevertheless, consumers do not differ in their fairness perceptions of differential customer treatment. The level of perceived unfairness of differential customer treatment is high, regardless of the service provider’s presentation as a friend or as a business partner.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aggarwal, Pankaj (2004), The Effects of Brand Relationship Norms on Consumer Attitudes and Behavior, Journal of Consumer Research 31, 87–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aggarwal, Pankaj and Ann L. McGill (2007), Is That Car Smiling at Me? Schema Congruity as a Basis for Evaluating Anthropomorphized Products, Journal of Consumer Research 34, 468–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aggarwal, Pankaj and Meng Zhang (2006), The Moderating Effect of Relationship Norm Salience on Consumers’ Loss Aversion, Journal of Consumer Research 33, 413–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aggarwal, Pankaj and Sharmistha Law (2005), Role of Relationship Norms in Processing Brand Information, Journal of Consumer Research 32, 453–464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allianz (2011), Corporate Image Film, Retrieved April 28, 2011, from http://www.allianz.com/en/careers/discoverallianz-group/about-us/our-strategy/corporate-movie.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, Eric T. and Duncan Simester (2011), A Step-by-Step Guide to Smart Business Experiments, Harvard Business Review 89, 98–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ariely, Dan (2009), Predictably Irrational, London: HarperCollins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Artsci (2011), Homepage, Retrieved April 6, 2011, from http://www.artsci.net.

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin, William and Elaine Walster (1974), Reactions to Confirmations and Disconfirmations of Expectancies of Equity and Inequity, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 30, 208–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakeman, Roger and John M. Gottman (1986), Observing Interaction: An Introduction to Sequential Analysis, 1st ed., New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bargh, John A. and Tanya L. Chartrand (2000), Studying the Mind in the Middle: A Practical Guide to Priming and Automaticity Research, in Harry T. Reis and Charles M. Judd (eds.), Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology, New York: Cambridge University Press, 253–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolton, Lisa E., Luk Warlop, and Joseph W. Alba (2003), Consumer Perceptions of Price (Un)Fairness, Journal of Consumer Research 29, 474–491.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brady, Diane (2000), Why Service Stinks, Retrieved March 2, 2009, from http://www.week.com/2000/00_43/b3704001.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, Donald T. and Julian C. Stanley (1963), Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research, Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, Margaret S. (1984), Record Keeping in Two Types of Relationships, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 47, 549–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, Margaret S. and Barbara Waddell (1985), Perceptions of Exploitation in Communal and Exchange Relationships, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 2, 403–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, Margaret S. and Carolyn Taraban (1991), Reactions to and Willingness to Express Emotion in Communal and Exchange Relationships, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 27, 324–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, Margaret S. and Judson Mills (1979), Interpersonal Attraction in Exchange and Communal Relationships, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37, 12–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, Margaret S., Judson Mills, and Martha C. Powell (1986), Keeping Track of Needs in Communal and Exchange Relationships, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51, 333–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, Margaret S., Robert Ouellette, Martha C. Powell, and Sandra Milberg (1987), Recipient’s Mood, Relationship Type, and Helping, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53, 94–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, Jacob (1992), A Power Primer, Psychological Bulletin 112, 155–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danaher, Peter J., Denise M. Conroy, and Janet R. McColl-Kennedy (2008), Who Wants a Relationship Anyway? Conditions When Consumers Expect a Relationship with Their Service Provider, Journal of Service Research 11, 43–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dowling, Grahame (2002), Customer Relationship Management: In B2C Markets, Often Less is More, California Management Review 44, 87–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Federal Statistical Office Germany (2010), Hochschulen auf einen Blick [University-level Institutions at a Glance], Retrieved March 6, 2011, from http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Content/Publikationen/Fachveroeffentlichungen/BildungForschungKultur/Hochschulen/BroschuereHochschulen-Blick0110010107004.psml.

    Google Scholar 

  • Festinger, Leon and James M. Carlsmith (1959), Cognitive Consequences of Forced Compliance, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 58, 203–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, Claude S. (1982), What Do We Mean by ‘Friend’? An Inductive Study, Social Networks 3, 287–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiske, Alan P. (1992), The Four Elementary Forms of Sociality: Framework for a Unified Theory of Social Relations, Psychological Review 99, 689–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiske, Alan P., Nick Haslam, and Susan T. Fiske (1991), Confusing one Person With Another: What Errors Reveal About the Elementary Forms of Social Relations, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60, 656–674.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Focus (2008), Zu-viel-Telefonierern droht Kündigung [High Volume Callers May Face Dismissal], Retrieved October 23, 2009, from http://www.focus.de/digital/diverses/flatrate-kunden-zu-viel-telefonierern-droht-kuendigung_aid_294671.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, Claes, Sunil Mithas, Forrest V. Morgeson III, and M. S. Krishnan (2006), Customer Satisfaction and Stock Prices: High Returns, Low Risk, Journal of Marketing 70, 3–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fournier, Susan, Susan Dobscha, and David Glen Mick (1998), Preventing the Premature Death of Relationship Marketing, Harvard Business Review 76, 42–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • FTD (2006), Debitel verzichtet auf unprofitable Kunden [Debitel Turns Down Unprofitable Customers], Retrieved January 30, 2011, from http://www.ftd.de/technik/it_telekommunikation/60713.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, Cathy (1996), Communality as a Dimension of Service Relationships, Journal of Consumer Psychology 5, 387–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grégoire, Yany and Robert J. Fisher (2008), Customer Betrayal and Retaliation: When Your Best Customers Become Your Worst Enemies, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 36, 247–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grégoire, Yany, Thomas M. Tripp, and Renaud Legoux (2009), When Customer Love Turns into Lasting Hate: The Effects of Relationship Strength and Time on Customer Revenge and Avoidance, Journal of Marketing 73, 18–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gremler, Dwayne D. and Kevin P. Gwinner (2000), Customer-Employee Rapport in Service Relationships, Journal of Service Research 3, 82–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GWA (2008), Basisdaten zur Kommunikationsbranche [Basic Data of the Communications Sector], Retrieved April 28, 2011, from.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gwinner, Kevin P., Dwayne D. Gremler, and Mary Jo Bitner (1998), Relational Benefits in Services Industries: The Customer’s Perspective, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 26, 101–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haenlein, Michael and Andreas M. Kaplan (2011), Evaluating the Consequences of Abandoning Unprofitable Customers: A Comparison of Direct and Indirect Abandonment Strategies, Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft 81, 77–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, Ursula (2000), Lost in Relationship-Marketing Space: The Limitations of Relationship Marketing from the Perspective of the Consumer, in Thorsten Hennig-Thurau and Ursula Hansen (eds.), Relationship Marketing: Competitive Advantage through Customer Satisfaction and Customer Retention, Berlin: Springer, 415–435.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Henkel (2008), Erfolgreichste Kommunikation der Unternehmensmarke [Most Successful Communication of a Corporate Brand], Retrieved April 6, 2011, from http://www.henkel.de/SID-19519654-51737F54/ueber-henkel/news-2008-17595_erfolgreichste-kommunikation-der-unternehmensmarke-15243.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heyman, James and Dan Ariely (2004), Effort for Payment: A Tale of Two Markets. Psychological Science 15, 787–793.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Homburg, Christian, Mathias Droll, and Dirk Totzek (2008), Customer Prioritization: Does It Pay Off, and How Should It be Implemented?, Journal of Marketing 72, 110–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horizont (2002), Die 10 werbeintensivsten Branchen [Top 10 Advertising Spenders by Industry], Retrieved April 28, 2011, from http://www.horizont.net/marktdaten/charts/pages/showChart.php?id=1198&chart=./uploadpix/1198_chart.gif.

    Google Scholar 

  • impacttelecom (2011), Telecom Company in Centennial, Retrieved October 12, 2011, http://www.recommendedcompany.com/telecommunication-companies/in/centennial-co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, Lan, Jo Andrea Hoegg, and Darren W. Dahl (2013), Consumer Reaction to Unearned Preferential Treatment, Journal of Consumer Research 40, 412–427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • JMB Financial Services LLC (2011), Homepage, Retrieved April 6, 2011, from. http://www.jmbfinancialservices.net/JMBHomepage

    Google Scholar 

  • Malhotra, Naresh K. and David F. Birks (2007), Marketing Research: An Applied Approach, 3rd European ed., London: Prentice Hall.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mayser, Sabine and Florian von Wangenheim (2013), Perceived Fairness of Differential Customer Treatment: Consumers’ Understanding of Distributive Justice Really Matters, Journal of Service Research 16, 99–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, Judson and Margaret S. Clark (1994), Communal and Exchange Relationships: Controversies and Research, in Ralph Erber and Robin Gilmour (eds.), Theoretical Frameworks for Personal Relationships, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, 29–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mittal, Vikas and Matthew Sarkees (2006), Customer Divestment, Journal of Relationship Marketing 5, 71–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mittal, Vikas, Matthew Sarkees, and Feisal Murshed (2008), The Right Way to Manage Unprofitable Customers, Harvard Business Review 86, 94–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Malley, Lisa and Andrea Prothero (2004), Beyond the Frills of Relationship Marketing, Journal of Business Research 57, 1286–1294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Price, Linda L. and Eric J. Arnould (1999), Commercial Friendships: Service Provider-Client Relationships in Context, Journal of Marketing 63, 38–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prins, Remco and Peter C. Verhoef (2007), Marketing Communication Drivers of Adoption Timing of a New E-Service Among Existing Customers, Journal of Marketing 71, 169–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Profile Finance S.A. (2011), We Care About Your Assets, But Most of All We Care About You, Retrieved January 20, 2011, from.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rija Telecom (2011), Homepage, Retrieved October 12, 2011, from http://www.rijatelecom.co.uk.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seiders, Kathleen and Leonard L. Berry (1998), Service Fairness: What It Is and Why It Matters, The Academy of Management Executive 12, 8–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stegbauer, Christian (2010), Weak und Strong Ties. Freundschaft aus netzwerktheoretischer Perspektive [Weak and Strong Ties. Friendship From the Perspective of Network Theory], in Christian Stegbauer (ed.), Netzwerkanalyse und Netzwerktheorie [Network Analysis and Network Theory, 2nd ed., Wiesbaden: VS Verlag, 105–119.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tabachnick, Barbara G. and Linda S. Fidell (2000), Using Multivariate Statistics, 4th ed., Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wan, Lisa C., Michael K. Hui, and Robert S. Wyer, Jr. (2011), The Role of Relationship Norms in Responses to Service Failures, Journal of Consumer Research 38, 260–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wangenheim, Florian von and Tomás Bayón (2007), Behavioral Consequences of Overbooking Service Capacity, Journal of Marketing 71, 36–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Values Survey (2006), Retrieved October 14, 2010, from http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sabine Hommelhoff.

Additional information

This research was supported by two foundations, Dr.-Ing. Leonhard-Lorenz-Stiftung and Bund der Freunde der Technischen Universität München. Grants were awarded to Sabine Hommelhoff. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and Nicolas Brüggemann for his help with answer coding

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hommelhoff, S., von Wangenheim, F. How Relationship Norms Affect Consumers’ Stance on Differential Customer Treatment. Schmalenbach Bus Rev 67, 196–225 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03396874

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03396874

JEL Classification

Keywords

Navigation