Abstract
Carotenoids, a group of substances that belongs to the terpenoid group, are widely used for food colouring to give yellow, orange, or red colour in food products. In particular, β-carotene can be produced by extraction from biological substance, such as vegetables, fruits, oils, or microbial fermentation; or produced synthetically via chemical reactions. This article presents a review of β-carotene production method, in particular from biomass waste. As a case study, the potential of β-carotene production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB), the major biomass waste from the palm oil industry, is evaluated.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anshori M (2020) Production of β-carotene food coloring from empty fruit bunches (EFB) utilizes neurospora sp.: optimization of fermentation conditions and scale-up production, graduate research thesis, Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Anshori M, Jafar RM, Lestari D, Kresnowati MTAP (2022) Production of carotenoids from oil palm empty fruit bunches: selection of extraction methods. J. Eng. Technol. Sci. 54(3):220303. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.3
Bhosale P, Bernstein PS (2005) Microbial xanthophylls. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 68(4):445–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-005-0032-8
Bogasz-Radomska L, Harasym J (2018) β-carotene—Propertoes and production methods. Food Quality Safety 2:69–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyy004
Buzzini P, Martini A, Gaetani M, Turchetti B, Pagnoni UM, Davoli P (2005) Optimization of carotenoid production by Rhodotorula graminis DBVPG 7021 as a function of trace element concentration by means of response surface analysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 36:687–692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.12.028
Choudhari SM, Ananthanarayan L, Singhal RS (2008) Use of metabolic stimulators and inhibitors for enhanced production of β-carotene and lycopene by Blakeslea trispora NRRL 2895 and 2896. Biores Technol 99(8):3166–3173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.051
García-González M, Moreno J, Manzano JC, Florencio FJ, Guerrero MG (2005) Production of Dunalliela salina biomass rich in 9-cis-β-carotene and lutein in a closed tubular photobioreactor. J Biotechnol 115(1):81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.07.010
Gmoser R, Ferreira JA, Lundin M, Raherzadeh MJ, Lennartsson PR (2018) Pigment production by the edible filamentous fungus neurospora intermedia. Fermentation 4(1):11. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation4010011
Grand View Research (2024) Beta-carotene market analysis by source (Algae, fruits & vegetables, & synthetic), by application (Food & beverages, dietary supplements, cosmetics, & animal feed) and segment forecasts to 2024. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/beta-carotene-market
Grune T, Lietz G, Palou A, Ross C, Stahl A, Tang G, Thurnham D, Yin S, Biesalski HK (2010) β-carotene is an important vitamin A source for humans. J Nutr 140(12):2268S-2285S. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.119024
Igreja WS, Maia FA, Lopes AS, Chisté RC (2021) Biotechnological production of carotenoids using low cost-substrates is influenced by cultivation parameters: a review. Int J Mol Sci 22(16):8819. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168819
Kresnowati MTAP, Lestari D, Anshori M, Jafar RM (2020) Production of carotenoids from oil palm empty fruit bunches. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 460 012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/460/1/012025
Kupan S, Hamid H, Kulkarni A, Yusoff M (2016) Extraction and analysis of beta carotene recovery in CPO and oil palm waste by using HPLC. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci 11(4):2184–2188
Manurung H, Silalahi J, Siahaan D, Elisa J (2017) The re-extraction of oil from oil palm empty fruit brunch residues and oil palm mesocarp fibers and measures in reducing greenhouse gas emission. Asian J Agric Biol 5(4):337–345
Masni (2004) Study on utilization of palm oil mill wastes as a source of carotenoid, dissertation IPB University
Mehta BJ, Salgado LM, Bejarano ER, Cerdá-Olmedo E (1997) New mutants of Phycomyces blaskeleeanus for β-carotene production. Appl Environ Microbiol 63(9):3657–3661. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.9.3657-3661.1997
Mortensen A (2009) Supplements. In: Britton G, Liaaen-Jensen F, Pfander H (eds) Carotenoids: nutrition and health, vol 5. Ch.4. Birkhauser Verlag Basel, pp 67–82. ISBN 978-3-7643-7500-3
Ooi C, Choo Y, Yap S, Basiron Y, Ong A (1994) Recovery of carotenoids from palm oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc 71(4):423–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02540524
Othman N, Manan ZA, Wan Alwi SR, Sarmidi MR (2010) A review of extraction technology for carotenoids and vitamin E recovery from palm oil. J Appl Sci 10:1187–1191. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2010.1187.1191
Prasertsan S, Prasertsan P (1996) Biomass residues from palm oil mills in Thailand: an overview on quantity and potential usage. Biomass Bioenerg 11(5):387–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(96)00034-7
Priatni SRI (2016) Review: potential production of carotenoids from Neurospora. Nusantara Biosci 6:63–68
Rammuni MN, Ariyadasa TU, Nimarshana PHV, Attalage RA (2019) Comparative assessment on the extraction of carotenoids from microalgal sources: Astaxanthin from H. pluvialis and β-carotene from D. salina. Food Chem 277:128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.066
Riberio BD, Barreto DW, Coelho MAZ (2011) Technological aspects of β-carotene production. Food Bioprocess Technol 4:693–770
Rodriguez-Amaya DB (2001) A guide to carotenoid analysis in foods. ILSI Human Nutrition Institute, One Thomas Circle, NW, Washington DC, 20005-5802, p 64
Saini RK, Keum Y (2018) Carotenoid extraction methods: a review of recent developments. Food Chem 240:90–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.099
Schmidt-Dannert C (2000) Engineering novel carotenoids in microorganisms. Curr Opin Biotechnol 11(3):255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0958-1669(00)00093-8
Sudibyo A, Sardjono (2015) The extraction and its separation technology for carotenoids recovery from palm oil: a review. J Riset Teknol Ind 9(1)
Tedeschi RJ (2003) Acetylene. In: Meyers RA (ed) Encyclopedia of physical science and technology, 3rd edn. Academic Press, pp 55–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-227410-5/00004-1
Tambunan NA and Rucita JB (2021) Production of carotene from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) through fermentation, undergraduate research thesis, Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Tommy ED, Purba MS (2020) β-carotene production from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) which were grown by Neurospora sp., undergraduate research thesis, Food Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Vani PVSN, Chida AS, Srinivasan R, Chandrasekharam M, Singh AK (2001) Synthesis of β-ionone. Synth Commun 31(2):219–224. https://doi.org/10.1081/SCC-100000202
Wang S-L, Chen D-J, Deng B-W, Wu X-Z (2008) Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the growth and β-carotene production of Rhodotorula Glutinis. Yeast 25:251–257
Acknowledgements
This research was funded by Indonesian Minister of Research Technology and Higher Education through Penelitian Dasar Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi scheme.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kresnowati, M.T.A.P., Lestari, D. (2024). Carotene Production from Biomass Waste. In: Lubis, M.A.R., et al. Biomass Conversion and Sustainable Biorefinery. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7769-7_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7769-7_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-7768-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-7769-7
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)