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Surface-Modified Biomaterials in Medical Device Development

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Engineered Biomaterials

Part of the book series: Engineering Materials ((ENG.MAT.))

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Abstract

Biomaterials refer to materials used in direct interaction with biological systems. Biocompatible and surface-modifiable metallic, polymeric, and ceramic biomaterials are currently used in various applications, allowing for adjustments to improve their performance while maintaining their bulk properties. Surface modification is done to enhance biocompatibility and come into contact as a bioactive substance for certain applications, such as protein surface modification on ceramics, polymers, metals, and composites. Surface modification techniques include calcium phosphate deposition, covalent binding of poly (ethylene glycol) and poly (heparin), and plasma polymerization. Analyzing the surface chemistry, structure, morphology, and topography of biomaterials is crucial in surface modification to improve interactions with blood, fight infection, interact with soft tissues, repair and regenerate nerve cells, manage stem cell growth and differentiation, and interact better with bone. Biomedical devices that can replace or repair damaged tissues and organs depend heavily on the usage of substances that can interact with people's bodies without triggering negative reactions. Although joint replacement surgery is a standard procedure, the inserted biomaterial may not last for a long time. Factors such as unfavorable immune system responses, the development of biofilms, or issues with the implants’ fabrication, biocompatibility, manufacturing processes, and their mechanical, chemical, or tri-biological processes may lead to their failure. Altering the surface of biomaterials can prevent these failures and improve the way the body responds to their implantation. Thus, the current chapter aims to show novel methodologies and applications of surface-modified biomaterials in the development of medical devices. It suggests novel studies on extending the lifespan of medical equipment and biomaterials.

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Abbreviations

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

EPD:

Electrophoretic Deposition

Co-Cr:

Cobalt-Chromium

MRI:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

CT:

Computer Tomography

UHMWPE:

Ultra-High Molecular Polyethylene

DDS:

Drug Delivery System

PEG/PEO:

Polyethylene glycol/oxide

PLA:

Polylactic acid

PGA:

Polyglycolic acid

TMC:

Tri-Methyl Carbonate

PDS:

Polydioxanone

PE:

Polyethylene

PA:

Polyamide

PMMA:

Polymethyl methacrylate

PU:

Polyurethane

PET:

Polyethylene terephthalate

SR:

Synthetic Rubber

PTFE:

Polytetrafluoroethylene

PS:

Polystyrene

PLA:

Polylactic acid

PGA:

Polyglycolide

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India

    Bindu Soni, Riya Shivgotra, Manjot Kaur & Shubham Thakur

  2. ICMR, New Delhi, India

    Shubham Thakur

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  1. Bindu Soni
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  1. Department of Pharmacy, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rishabha Malviya

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sonali Sundram

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Soni, B., Shivgotra, R., Kaur, M., Thakur, S. (2023). Surface-Modified Biomaterials in Medical Device Development. In: Malviya, R., Sundram, S. (eds) Engineered Biomaterials. Engineering Materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6698-1_15

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