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Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

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Advanced Drug Delivery

Part of the book series: Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials ((SMTEB,volume 26))

Abstract

The transdermal drug delivery systems, also known as TDDS, are the most effective alternative to the oral and parenteral routes to deliver therapeutic molecules across the skin in order to produce systemic effects. TDDS possess several benefits such as self-administrable nature, escape of first-pass metabolism, minimize dose, less side effects, better dosage regimen, termination of dosing at any time, absence of gastric irritation, and improved patient compliance. In the earlier scenario, TDDS was indicated only for the transdermal patches. These patches include matrix devices, reservoir type, micro-reservoir forms, and adhesive controlled systems. In the present situation, various state of the art technologies were introduced in advancing TDDS utilization. For passive drug delivery, nanovesicles, polymeric nanocarriers adhesive-controlled and nanoemulsions were implemented. Active delivery strategies include iontophoresis, sonophoresis, electroporation, photomechanical waves, thermal ablation, and microneedle technology. The earlier transdermal patches are utilized only to deliver the small molecule drugs whereas the latest versions of TDDS provide a comprehensive selection of molecules from low molecular weight drugs to macromolecule proteins. Among them, microneedles are proven to deliver several macromolecular biomolecules such as vaccines, extracted proteins, and whole viral particles. In this chapter, we are going to know about the basics of TDDS such as mechanisms of skin permeation, factors influencing transdermal permeation, basic ingredients for transdermal patches, categories of formulations, and permeation promoters. In addition to the basic knowledge, we are also about to explore the transdermal patches available in the market and the latest technologies introduced in TDDS. In near future, we can expect several new innovative tools to be marked within the context of the transdermal delivery of drugs.

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Acknowledgements

The principal investigator laboratory is supported by Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) via Start-up Research Grant (SRG) [grant no. SRG/2021/002312] and the Empowerment and Equity Opportunities for Excellence in Science (EMEQ) grant [grant no. EEQ/2022/000218] during the scripting of the book chapter. The book chapter is related to the above research grants. The authors would like to acknowledge biorender (online imaging) service providers for the assistance in drawing images.

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India

    Vipin Kumar, Nazia Praveen, Prerna Kewlani,  Arvind, Amita Singh, Anurag Kumar Gautam & Vijayakumar Mahalingam Rajamanickam

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  1. Vipin Kumar
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Correspondence to Vijayakumar Mahalingam Rajamanickam .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Tuhin Subhra Santra

  2. Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Ashwini Uma Surendra Shinde

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Kumar, V. et al. (2023). Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems. In: Santra, T.S., Shinde, A.U.S. (eds) Advanced Drug Delivery. Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, vol 26. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6564-9_13

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