Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) are widely employed to enhance the bioavailability of a drug while alleviating its potential toxicity. Biomedical engineers across the globe have been attempting to design efficacious drug delivery vectors that allow patient-tailored therapies for various diseases. One such broad class of drug delivery systems uses biological vectors or biomimetic nanoparticles (BNPs), an evolving field in nanotechnology, wherein the surface is integrated or doctored with biomaterials that mimic the natural features and functions of normal cells. Such vectors exhibit high biocompatibility and specificity, extended retention times and minimal unsought immune responses. Biological vectors include a range of organism-derived particles such as endogenous cell membranes, extracellular vesicles and exogenous substances such as viruses, virosomes and virus-like particles (VLP). These vectors allow the integration of substantial amounts of cargo while simultaneously providing multiple options for surface alterations with different functional agents. However, a few major challenges for successfully translating this drug delivery system from laboratory to clinical use include stability, large-scale production and high efficacy. Continual probing of the biology behind the usage of such vectors is imperative for attaining clinical success. This chapter provides a list of promising biological vectors, the type of drugs loaded, information on vectors that underwent clinical trials and the limitations of this drug delivery system.
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Chivte, P., Pardhi, V., Pillai, A. (2023). Biological Methods for Drug Delivery. In: Santra, T.S., Shinde, A.U.S. (eds) Advanced Drug Delivery. Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, vol 26. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6564-9_1
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