Abstract
U-shaped fibre optic sensors (FOSs) have been developed by many researchers in view of the low-cost and miniaturised size. The sensitivity of the FOS towards refractive index (RI) changes is affected by the fibre core diameter, bending radius and numerical aperture of the fibre. However, there are limited resources available to prove that the sensitivity of the sensor can be improved by a coating layer and can perform well in different types of solutions. Therefore, this project proposes the development of three U-shaped probes that can perform well in solutions with normal and viscous conditions. Glycerol and honey solutions were used to represent the normal and viscous conditions, respectively. To increase the sensitivity of the proposed sensor, fibre cladding removal and chemical material coating on the fibres were implemented. From the literature, the polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) coating material was proposed as the fabrication process of PVAc coating was simpler compared to other coating materials such as polyimide and Norland Optical Adhesive 61 (NOA61). By conducting some coating experiments, the coating thicknesses proposed in this project are 10 and 20 μm for 2 different fibre probes through the dripping method while another probe remained uncoated with the cladding removed. All the results are repeatable, and the accuracy of the FOS is 99.49%.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Horiguchi M, Osanai H (1976) Spectral losses of low-OH-content optical fibers. Electron Lett 12(12):310–312
Tan AJY, Ng SM, Stoddart PR, Chua HS (2020) Theoretical model and design considerations of U-shaped fiber optic sensors: a review. IEEE Sens J 20(24):14578–14589
Chandani SM, Jaeger NAF (2005) Fiber-optic temperature sensor using evanescent fields in D fibers. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 17(12):2706–2708
Memon SF, Lewis E, Ali MM, Pembroke JT, Chowdhry BS (2017) U-bend evanescent wave plastic optical fibre sensor for minute level concentration detection of ethanol corresponding to biofuel production rate
Rodriguez-Rodriguez JH, Martinez-Pinon F, Alvarez-Chavez JA, Jaramillo-Vigueras D (2008) Polymer optical fiber moisture sensor based on evanescent-wave scattering to measure humidity in oil-paper insulation in electrical apparatus. In Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, pp 1052–1055
Jiang J, Zhong L, Duan X, Song M, Li L, Wu Z, Li Z, Huang Z, Hong Z, Jin Z, Yao L (2019) Bend limitation of a polyimide-coated optical fiber at cryogenic temperature of 77 K. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 29(2)
Jing N, Teng C, Yu F, Wang G, Zheng J (2016) Temperature dependence of a refractive index sensor based on side-polished macrobending plastic optical fiber. IEEE Sens J 16(2):355–358
Tan AJY, Ng SM, Stoddart PR, Chua HS (2021) Trends and applications of U-shaped fiber optic sensors: a review. IEEE Sens J 21(1):120–131
Danny CG, Danny Raj M, Sai VVR (2020) Investigating the refractive index sensitivity of U-bent fiber optic sensors using ray optics. J Light Technol 38(6):1580–1588
Tan AJY, Ng SM, Stoddart PR, Chua HS (2022) Dual U-shaped fibers refractometer with enhanced sensitivity based on the coupling effect. Opt Fiber Technol 71:102935
Wang Q, Du N, Zhao W, Wang L, Cong X, Zhu A, Qiu F, Zhang K (2022) Highly sensitive U-shaped optical fiber surface Plasmon resonance. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 71
Filoteo-Razo J, Vera-Duarte O, Estudillo-Ayala J, Hernandez-Garcia J, Jauregui-Vazquez D, Martinez-Angulo J, Elizondo-Leal J, Rojas-Laguna R (2021) U-shaped plastic fiber optic sensor for measuring adulteration in liquids via RGB color changes. IEEE Sensors Lett 5(12)
Feng J, Yang L, Wang L, Chen J, Xue P, Liu Z, Liu J, Jiang Q, Shang H, Ti G (2022) Sensing performance of U-shaped fiber in chaotic correlation fiber loop ring down system. Opt Commun 511
Mohd Arif NAA, Ehsan AA (2021) Sensitivity optimization of U-shaped fiber optics based on the Taguchi method. OSA Contin 4(7):2024–2035
Chen GY, Wu X, Kang YQ, Yu L, Monro TM, Lancaster DG, Liu X, Xu H (2017) Ultra-fast hygrometer based on U-shaped optical microfiber with nanoporous polyelectrolyte coating. Sci Rep 7(1):1–7
Jing N, Zheng J, Zhao X, Teng C (2015) Refractive index sensing based on a side-polished macrobending plastic optical fiber. IEEE Sens J 15(5):2898–2901
Xu L, Fanguy JC, Soni K, Tao S (2004) Optical fiber humidity sensor based on evanescent-wave scattering. Opt Lett 29(11):1191–1193
He Y, Li Y, Li N (2017) Temperature-independent evanescent wave sensor made of a stress-released silica optical fiber taper. Opt Fiber Technol 36:237–244
Gowri A, Sai VVR (2016) Development of LSPR based U-bent plastic optical fiber sensors. Sensors Actuators B Chem 230:536–543
Pavan Kumar GLG, Ahmad MH, Piah MAM, Mohd Noor MY, Nawawi Z, Sidik MAB, Jambak MI (2019) Modelling of polymer coated-based optical fiber sensor for moisture measurement in transformer oil. In ICECOS 2019 - 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Proceeding, pp 45–50
Tan AJY, Ung KS, Ng SM, Stoddart PR, Chua HS (2021) Refractive index, temperature, and heat source origin sensing with dual U-shaped fiber probes. In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Sensors and Nanotechnology (SENNANO), pp 29–32
Acknowledgements
Yek, AWZ offers a sincere appreciation for the learning opportunities and lab equipment provided by the Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Yek, A.W.Z., Tan, A.J.Y., Ng, S.M., Chua, H.S. (2023). Investigation of the Effect of Polyvinyl Acetate Coating on Multiple U‐shaped Fibre Optic Sensors in Different Solution Conditions. In: Choo, C.S., Wong, B.T., Sharkawi, K.H.B., Kong, D. (eds) Proceedings of ASEAN-Australian Engineering Congress (AAEC2022). AAEC 2022. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 1072. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5547-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5547-3_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-5546-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-5547-3
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)