Abstract
Determination of the vulnerability of groundwater to arsenic contamination in general and mapping the vulnerable zones is essential for the preservation of groundwater quality. CGWB has explored and marked the occurrence of arsenic mainly along the Ganga–Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) river basin. The major aim of the current study is to conduct geostatistical modeling of arsenic occurrence in the groundwater employing the available secondary data based on the subsurface and hydrogeochemical parameters for the districts of Bihar. Further, the arsenic vulnerability index has been developed employing the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method after integrating various thematic layers in the GIS platform and generating a vulnerability map. This has helped to identify the arsenic-vulnerable zones. The north-western and the central parts, including Patna, Bhojpur, Munger, Bhagalpur, and Vaishali districts, exhibit high arsenic risk zones due to shallow depth of water and low elevation associated with high silicate and iron contents. It is found that high arsenic risk is associated with the districts lying along the Ganga River. The output was validated against the existing arsenic locations for 2015 (CGWB) and, 2019 (primary data of three districts named Saran, Samastipur, and Vaishali), and by the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) metric.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to CGWB, Geological Survey of India, United States Geological Sciences, Indian Water Resource Information System, Ministry of Jal Shakti for providing secondary data for smooth research work. Maps throughout the paper created by Software ArcGIS® and ArcMap™ v 10.6.1, intellectual property of Esri, and used under license with Copyright © Esri. The financial support from DST for providing Inspire fellowship (IF180076) to the first author is deeply appreciated.
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Dhamija, S., Joshi, H. (2023). Geostatistical Modeling and Mapping of Arsenic Occurrence and Vulnerability—A Case Study on Bihar, India. In: Dubey, A., Anand, S., Bagade, B. (eds) Promoting Sustainability Through Water Management and Climate Change Adaptation. Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5479-7_1
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