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Recent Advances in Biological Wastewater Treatment

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Current Status of Fresh Water Microbiology

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Abstract

Water is a universal solvent and liquid required in most anthropogenic, natural, and biochemical processes. Once used, water will have chemical or microbiological pollutants (wastewater), and knowing that the amount of water on the planet will always be the same, a treatment process must be chosen that aims to eliminate the greatest amount of pollutants to be able to return it to the receiving bodies of water or to be able to reuse it, reducing the impact on the environment. These wastewater treatment processes can be grouped into chemical, physical, and biological. In the case of biological treatment, it consists of using enzymes, microorganisms, or plants to accumulate, transform, or degrade contaminants through their metabolism. Biological treatment systems can be divided into conventional and advanced. Conventional ones are activated sludge, rotating biological contactors, biofilters, nitrification, and denitrification, among others. As an example of advanced biological treatment systems, we can name all the processes that mineralize nitrogenous compounds to molecular nitrogen (such as ANAMMOX, CANON, OLAND), the bioaugmentation batch-enhanced process (BABE), the use of aerobic granular sludge (AGS), and constructed wetlands (CW), among others. Advanced biological treatment systems can offer some of the following advantages compared to conventional biological systems: decreased hydraulic retention times, fewer space requirements, mineralized contaminants, a better landscape, and nominal investment costs in equipment and infrastructure. The present chapter will focus on discussing the most recent advances in biological wastewater treatment and how these systems can be applied to deal with existing and emerging pollutants in wastewater.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico

    José Antonio Rodríguez-de la Garza

  2. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico

    Pedro Pérez-Rodríguez, Laura María González-Méndez & Silvia Yudith Martínez-Amador

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  1. José Antonio Rodríguez-de la Garza
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  2. Pedro Pérez-Rodríguez
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  3. Laura María González-Méndez
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  4. Silvia Yudith Martínez-Amador
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Correspondence to Silvia Yudith Martínez-Amador .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Ravindra Soni

  2. Department of Science, Vidyadayini Institute of Science, Management and Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Deep Chandra Suyal

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico

    Lourdes Morales-Oyervides

  4. Department of Himalayan Aquatic Biodiversity, Hemvati Nandan Garhwal University (a central University),, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India

    Jaspal Sungh Chauhan

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Rodríguez-de la Garza, J.A., Pérez-Rodríguez, P., González-Méndez, L.M., Martínez-Amador, S.Y. (2023). Recent Advances in Biological Wastewater Treatment. In: Soni, R., Suyal, D.C., Morales-Oyervides, L., Sungh Chauhan, J. (eds) Current Status of Fresh Water Microbiology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5018-8_9

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