Theology of Religions: An Inventory

Abstract

A ‘theology of religions’ looks at other religions from the perspective of one’s own religion and seeks to view one’s own religion in the light of these other religions. In this chapter, I introduce various methodologies in dealing with religions such as sociology of religion, philosophy of religion, and sciences of religion (including comparative religion). While these methodologies aim at a neutral, objective, non-confessional approach to religions, a Christian theology of religions has, as its core presupposition, the faith in God’s revelation in Christ. In terms of a theology of religions, there are at least three different approaches, such as the exclusivistic, inclusivistic, or pluralistic approach. I explore these approaches as suggested by several proponents. I argue that Hans-Martin Barth’s ‘non-embracing mutual-inclusivistic’ approach is the most convincing approach, using my own personal experience as an example of how to deal with members of other religions in a respectful and tolerant way. I also demonstrate that one can approach religions from several different viewpoints: philosophically, sociologically, scientifically, or historically. I concede that other religions offer their subjective avenues to truth and offer vital insights into the ultimate questions regarding life, death, suffering, or a transcendent reality. However, I also assert certain inalienable and indispensable Christian beliefs which for me are non-negotiable and constitute the core of my Christian faith.