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Effect of Malic Acid as a Compatibilizer in Chemically Modified Cassava Starch/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends for Potential Packaging Applications

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ICSBE 2022 (ICSBE 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ((LNCE,volume 362))

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Abstract

There has been a growing interest in developing biodegradable materials due to the continuous accumulation of non-degradable plastic wastes across the globe. Therefore, this work focuses on producing and evaluating ‘green’ multifunctional film materials based on a mixed eco-friendly thermoplastic starch (TPS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix compatibilized with malic acid. In this study, the blend films of TPS/PVA were prepared by adopting the solution casting method. Herein, a starch modification was performed under acidic conditions using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the chemical modifying agent. The prepared blends were characterized using Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the water absorption and tensile tests were also carried out according to ASTM standards. The biodegradability test was carried out according to the aerobic compost environment test. The results of FTIR analysis confirmed the successful preparation of modified cassava starch which exhibited enhanced thermal stability and crystallinity. Further, the compatibilized blends exhibited enhanced thermal, mechanical, and water-resistant properties with improved blend homogeneity. This suggested the possibility of occurring crosslinking reactions among starch, PVA, glycerol, and malic acid upon compatibilization while possessing a dense molecular structure. The biodegradation was slowed upon both starch modification and compatibilization whereas the least water absorption capacity was demonstrated by the TPS/PVA (40/60 w/w) blend compatibilized with 5 wt.% malic acid (M4P6-M5) valuing 28.89% and 42.17% at 2 and 24 h, respectively. Besides, improved mechanical properties could be obtained by the same blend film valuing 36.25 MPa and 162.91% for tensile strength and elongation at break, respectively. Therefore, enhanced mechanical and thermal properties, lower water absorptivity, non-toxicity, and low cost make the compatibilized cassava starch/PVA blended films beneficial for potential packaging applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely acknowledge the encouragement and guidance provided by all the members of the academic and non-academic staff of the Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Peradeniya. The authors would like to acknowledge the support from Ms. W.M.W.K. Weerasekara from the Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya. The authors wish to express their sincere appreciation to Accelerating Higher Education Expansion and Development (AHEAD) for the financial assistance (AHEAD/RA3/PDN/ENG/DOR/65).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

    O. H. P. Gunawardene, W. M. D. B. Wannikayaka, C. A. Gunathilake & A. Manipura

  2. Department of Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

    S. M. Amaraweera, N. M. L. Fernando & A. K. Kulatunga

  3. Department of Material and Nano Science Technology, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya, Sri Lanka

    C. A. Gunathilake

  4. Materials Engineering Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA

    W. A. Manamperi

Authors
  1. O. H. P. Gunawardene
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  2. S. M. Amaraweera
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  3. W. M. D. B. Wannikayaka
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  4. N. M. L. Fernando
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  5. C. A. Gunathilake
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  6. W. A. Manamperi
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  7. A. K. Kulatunga
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  8. A. Manipura
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to O. H. P. Gunawardene .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka

    Ranjith Dissanayake

  2. Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Priyan Mendis

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

    Kolita Weerasekera

  4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka

    Sudhira De Silva

  5. Civil and Structural Engineering Consultants (Pvt) Ltd., Rajagiriya, Colombo, Sri Lanka

    Shiromal Fernando

  6. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sri Jayawardanepura, Jayawardanepura, Sri Lanka

    Chaminda Konthesingha

  7. Department of Biosystems Technology, University of Sri Jayawardanepura, Homagama, Sri Lanka

    Pradeep Gajanayake

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Gunawardene, O.H.P. et al. (2023). Effect of Malic Acid as a Compatibilizer in Chemically Modified Cassava Starch/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends for Potential Packaging Applications. In: Dissanayake, R., et al. ICSBE 2022. ICSBE 2022. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 362. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3471-3_39

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3471-3_39

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