Abstract
Point-of-care tests (POCTs) have become increasingly popular recently because of their advantages like user compliance, quick results, reproducibility, ease of monitoring and bedside availability, and relatively lower cost than laboratory-based tests. Despite its wide popularity, the precision factor limits the use of POCT in many instances. Nanotechnology-enhanced lateral flow assays (LFAs) can increase precision in existing LFA technologies and improve test outcomes. The development of lab-on-a-chip system that includes miniaturization, micromachining, and nanotechnology is a promising advance in this field. LFAs identify biomarkers such as hormones (serum/urine HCG, TSH), glycosylated hemoglobin, cardiac troponin I, C-reactive protein, and interleukins and many infectious diseases like dengue, SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and many others. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are preferred over other NPs in LFA development due to their ease of synthesis, stability, protein grabbing capabilities, direct quantification approach, and higher sensitivity and specificity. Besides, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles, quantum dots, and nanozymes are also frequently used for the same purpose. The various limitations of LFA can be eliminated through a variety of signal amplification procedures, including pre-concentration, enzymatic color enhancement, modification of the size and shape of GNPs, and the addition of other types of dye-loaded chromatic agents that impart the LFA strips with exceptional color, magnetic, or fluorescent properties. Despite several unsolved concerns, it remains one of the most promising tools for future POCT systems, owing to its simplicity, portability, user-friendliness, and affordability.
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Ghosh, A., Banerjee, A., Srivastava, R. (2023). Nanomaterial-Based Lateral Flow Assays for Point-of-Care Diagnostic Tests. In: Purohit, B., Chandra, P. (eds) Surface Engineering and Functional Nanomaterials for Point-of-Care Analytical Devices. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3025-8_14
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