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Dietary Modulation of the Nervous and Immune System: Role of Probiotics/Prebiotics/Synbiotics/Postbiotics

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Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics

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Abstract

The gut microbiota involves billions of microbial residents that live in the gastrointestinal tract. Gut microbiota is interconnected with multiple human physiological responses including neural, digestive, and immune system as well as hormonal responses either directly through the synthesis of bioactive components that alter hormones, incretin, and neurotransmitter release or indirectly through the regulation of leukocyte functions including cytokine production. The COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated growing interest towards exploring the functional aspects of nutrition, i.e., functional foods as “immune-booster”. Dysbiosis in the gut can alter the pre-existing microbiota that in turn affects the normal functionality of neurological, metabolic, hormonal, and immunological signalling pathways that leads to neurological and immunological disorders. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics that are an integral part of functional foods have shown strong association with gut–brain axis. Diet interventions have the potential to modulate or re-shape the gut microflora composition hence opening the opportunities of it to be exploited as alternative strategy for treating various diseases arising due to gut microbiota dysbiosis. A few recent studies have analysed changes in immunological markers as a result of dietary intervention. This chapter will include the potential prospects and challenges with respect to changing gut microbiota through diet and nutrition with the purpose of treat neuroimmune and neuroinflammatory diseases and improve the immune system.

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  1. Post Biotics and Foodomics Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot- Bhavnagar Highway, Kasturbadham, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

    Priya Mori, Mehul Chauhan, Ishita Modasiya & Vijay Kumar

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Correspondence to Vijay Kumar .

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  1. Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India

    Vijay Kothari

  2. Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Korea, Gyeongsan, Korea (Republic of)

    Prasun Kumar

  3. Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Subhasree Ray

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Mori, P., Chauhan, M., Modasiya, I., Kumar, V. (2023). Dietary Modulation of the Nervous and Immune System: Role of Probiotics/Prebiotics/Synbiotics/Postbiotics. In: Kothari, V., Kumar, P., Ray, S. (eds) Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1463-0_16

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